Chapter 7 Flashcards

Sociology 1010 with Jorgenson at University of Utah

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Created: 2011-03-11
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What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?

a. a dyad

(b). a social group

c. a network

d. a crowd

A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a:

(a). crowd.

b. group.

c. category.

d. population.

Why did Cooley refer to some groups as "primary groups"?

a. They are among the first groups we experience in life.

b. They have primary importance in the socialization process.

c. They contain the people most important in our lives.

(d). All of the above are correct

Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?

a. the peer group

b. the work group

(c). the family

d. the play group

A secondary group is a social group that:

a. we experience late in life.

(b). is impersonal and engages in some specific activity.

c. engages in many, very important activities.

d. is generally much smaller than a primary group.

Read the list of traits below. Which of these traits is NOT a characteristic of secondary groups?

a. large size

b. weak emotional ties

(c). personal orientation

d. often short-term duration

In general, we see the _______ as a means to an end; we see the _____ as an end in itself

a. expressive group; instrumental group

b. crowd; category

(c). secondary group; primary group

d. primary group; secondary group

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?

a. democratic leadership

b. authoritarian leadership

c. expressive leadership

(d). instrumental leadership

Which concept refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being?

a. democratic leadership

b. authoritarian leadership

(c). expressive leadership

d. instrumental leadership

Which type of leadership style takes charge of making decisions and makes sure people do what they are

told?

(a). authoritarian leadership

b. democratic leadership

c. laissez-faire leadership

d. expressive leadership

Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?

a. authoritarian leader

(b). democratic leader

c. laissez-faire leader

d. expressive leader

What type of leader downplays their own power, letting the group function more or less on its own?

a. authoritarian leaders

b. democratic leaders

(c). laissez-faire leaders

d. instrumental leaders

Stanley Milgram’s research, in which subjects used a “shock generator,” showed:

a. people become angry when others disagree with them.

b. the ability to withstand pain varies with cultural background.

(c). people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but

also groups of ordinary individuals.

d. that ordinary people are surprisingly independent in their judgments

Here are four statements describing group dynamics. Which of them is NOT an expression of groupthink?

a. Group members quickly settle on a position, then they treat other possibilities as

oppositional.

b. Group members encourage each other to see the issue from only one point of view.

c. Group members treat reaching consensus as more important than encouraging everyone

to speak up openly.

(d). The group seeks diverse members and ends up being unable to reach a consensus

Which of the following concepts refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making

evaluations or decisions?

a. peer group

(b). reference group

c. out-group

d. dyad

Which type of social group commands a member's esteem and loyalty?

(a). an in-group

b. an out-group

c. a reference group

d. a social network

A social group toward which a person feels competition or opposition is which of the following?

a. an in-group

(b). an out-group

c. a reference group

d. a social network

The concept "triad" refers to which of the following?

a. any pyramid-shaped organization

b. a trial marriage

(c). a social group with three members

d. a temporary social group

If you want your social group to be open to any and all people as new members, which of the following

policies would you support?

(a). members should be socially diverse

b. the group should be large

c. the group should not be physically segregated

d. All of the above are correct.

Which of the following is typically true of a social network?

a. Networks are built on primary relationships.

(b). Networks are “fuzzy” groups made up of people we “know of” rather than those we

know well.

c. Networks encourage a strong sense of membership.

d. Networks have clear boundaries defining membership.

Formal organizations are:

a. small groups with elected leaders.

(b). large secondary groups with a goal orientation.

c. networks that have many members.

d. only agencies that are part of the government.

If you were a prisoner, a maximum-security prison would be which of the following types of

organizations from your point of view?

a. a normative organization

(b). a coercive organization

c. a utilitarian organization

d. a voluntary organization

Which type of formal organization do people join to obtain money and other material benefits?

a. normative organization

b. coercive organization

(c). utilitarian organization

d. All of the above are correct

Max Weber noted many traits of bureaucracy. Which of the following list is NOT one of them?

(a). favoring family members over strangers

b. arranging offices in a hierarchy

c. enacting many rules and regulations

d. providing workers with highly specialized jobs

What concept refers to all factors outside an organization that affect the organization's operation?

a. oligarchy

(b). organizational environment

c. secondary environment

d. competition

Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful

effects on people. What is the danger?

a. organizations create social inequality

b. organizations create conflict among workers

(c). organizations create alienation

d. organizations create conformity

The emergency room clerk who keeps a bleeding patient waiting while filling out lots of paperwork is a

classic example of

(a). bureaucratic ritualism.

b. bureaucratic alienation.

c. bureaucratic innovation.

d. bureaucratic inertia.

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves—to keep themselves going—is

called:

a. bureaucratic retreatism.

b. bureaucratic ritualism.

c. bureaucratic innovation.

(d). bureaucratic inertia

In the “iron law of oligarchy,” Robert Michels stated

a. bureaucracy always means inefficiency.

(b). bureaucracy always means the few rule the many.

c. bureaucracy always means formal rules and regulations.

d. bureaucracy always means alienation.

The basic idea behind scientific management is that

a. both science and formal organizations are rational.

b. organizations benefit from employees with scientific knowledge.

c. applying scientific principles can make a business more efficient.

(d). All of the above are correct.

The concept "McDonaldization of society" refers to:

(a). McDonald's organizational principles coming to dominate all of society.

b. the spread of McDonald's restaurants around the world.

c. society becoming more filled with red tape and inefficiency.

d. the less and less predictable nature of today’s society

About this deck

By: geoffrey prince
Created: 2011-03-11
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 227

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy