Chapter 7 - The Cultural Construction of Social Hierarchy

Anthropology 2000 with Martinez at University of Connecticut

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By: Noelle Grudzinski
Textbook:

Cengage Advantage Books: Cultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach

Cultural ANTHRO (with Anthropology CourseMate with eBook Printed Access Card)
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 14 flashcards
Views: 148

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Gini coefficient

a measure of variability used to measure income distribution, developed by Italian statistician and demographer Corrado Gini

social classes

a system of social stratification based on income or possession of wealth and resources; individual social mobility is possible in a class system

caste

a system of social stratification based on assignment at birth to the ranked social or occupational groups of parents; there is no mobility from one caste to another, and intermarriage may be forbidden

integrative theory of social stratification

a theory based on the assumption that social hierarchy is necessary for the smooth functioning of society

exploitative theory of social stratification

a theory based on the assumption that social stratification and hierarchy exist because one group of individuals seeks to take advantage of another group for economic purposes

means of production

the materials that people need to produce things, such as land, machines, or tools

surplus value of labor

the term suggested by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels for the portion of a person's labor that is retained as profit by those who control the means of production

political or social repression

the use of force by a ruling group to maintain political, economic, or social control over other groups

ideology of class

a set of beliefs characteristic of stratified societies that justifies the division of a society into groups with differential rights and privileges as being natural and right

violent revolution

the term suggested by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels for the necessary response of workers to their repression by the ruling class

culture of poverty

a phrase coined by Oscar Lewis to describe the lifestyle and worldview of people who inhabit urban and rural slums

generalized reciprocity

a form of exchange in which persons share what they have with others but expect them to reciprocate later

balanced reciprocity

a form of exchange in which items of equal or near-equal value are exchanged on the spot

negative reciprocity

a form of exchange in which the object is to get something for nothing or to make a profit