Chapter 8 - Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing

220-age (44) = 176

GXTs- use treadmill, cycle ergometer or arm ergo. to meas. cardioresp. fitness.

- some test administered in states w/ gradual intensity increase. 

- others meas. HR response to single-stage bout of exercise.

- in lag GXTs done to max. exertion

linear relationship between increases in workload and increased HR and O2 uptake.  By measuring HR response to submaximal exercise, the relationship between workload, HR and O2 uptake let PT estimate VO2 max.

- VO2 max. determined by estimating MHR at sub. max workloads

- a decrese-or a significant increase- in BP w/ exercise

- an inadequate HR response to exercise

- exercise duration

- HR recovery

- SBP that's lower during exercise compared to SBP taken at baseline measurement.

- SBP rises above 250mmHg during exercese

- SBP that rises during immediate post-exercise recovery

- person standing in upright position should show reduction of 12 bpm after 1 min. post-exercise

- person sitting should show reduction of 22 bpm 2 min. post-exercise

- HR

- BP

- RPE

- S/S (signs and symptoms)

- submax. graded fit. test should take between 8 and 12 min. (allow time in each stage for HR to reach HRss)

- visual or balance probs. or can't walk on treadmill without using handrails

- orthopedic problems that create pain with prolonged walking

- obese ( balance, orthopedic issues)

- low-back pain (LBP) aggravted at inclines over 3-5%

- most commonly used

- administered in 3 stages until client achieves 85% of age-predicted MHR

- NOT appropriate for the deconditioned or elderly

- meas. HR sitting and standing

- estimate submax. target exrcs. HR

- discuss RPE and

- test's purpose, length, goal, if HRss achieved, speed and incline will increase at each 3 min. interval

- BP cuff on arm

- Wup on treadm. </= 1.7 mph, no handrails

- assess and record exrcs. HR an RPE each min.; BP at 2:15 mark of each stage

- HRss not achieved if HR between mins. 2 and 3 is >6 bpm (+1 min for stage)

- test cont. until term. sympts. show or HR response exceed 85% MHR

- valid test= HR response should exceed 115 bpm mnmum. for min. of 2 stages

stage      speed (mph)    grade (%)    VO2 (mL/kg/min)

  1                  1.7                    10                    13.4

stage      speed (mph)    grade (%)    VO2 (mL/kg/min)

  2                2.5                    12                      21.4

stage      speed (mph)    grade (%)    VO2 (mL/kg/min)

    3                3.4                    14                      31.5

stage      speed (mph)    grade (%)    VO2 (mL/kg/min)

    4                4.2                    16                      41.9

- best for deconditioned and eldery and those w/ history of cardiovascular disease

- adminstd. in 1-3 min. stages until desired HR achieved or term. sympts. occur.

- termd. when 85% of age-pred. MHR achieved

- speed is constant

- same as Bruce except BP taken last 30 sec. of each stage for women and every other stage for men.

Target HR (THR) = (HRR X % Intensity) + RHR

HRR = MHR - RHR

[ (208 - (0.7 X age) x 85%]

-Men- 3.3 mph w/ 0% grade.  after 1 min.--2%.  Increase by 1% every min. until test term. criteria achieved.

- Women- 3.0 mph w/ 0% grade. after 3 min.--2.5% grade. increase by 2.5% every 3 min. until (S/S, or 85% MHR) achieved

- optional treadmill test approp. for low-risk, apparently healthy, non-athletic adults 20-59 yrs.

- estimates VO2 max using a single-stage, 4 min. submaximal treadmill walking protocol.

Men: VO2 max = 14.8 - (1.379 x time) + (0.451 x time2) - (0.012 x time3)

Women: VO2 max = 4.38 (time) - 3.90

MET= VO2 max / 3.5 mL/kg/min

- Men: VO2 max = 1.444 (time) + 14.99

- Women: VO2 max = 1.38 (time) + 5.22

- MET (same as Bruce) =  VO2 max / 3.5 mL/kg/min

[208 - (0.7 x age) x 50% and 208 - (0.7 x age) x 70%]

- these values represent the warm-up range

- 4 min. warm-up at 50-70% age predic. MHR

-----decondit./elderly btwn 50-60% of MHR---apparent. healthy btwn 60-70% MHR

--speed btwn 2.0 and 4.5 mph 0% grade

- adjust speed after 1st min. as needed

- 4 min. exercise stage at w-up speed but w/ 5% grade

- record HR in last 15 secs. of last 2 mins. of this workload to estab. HRss

- extend stage by 1 min. if HR differs by >5 bpm

- use avrg. of last 2 HRs as final HR score

VO2 max = 15.1 + (21.8 x mph) - (0.327 x HR) - (0.263 X mph x age) + (0.00504 x HR x age) + (5.98 x sex*)

females = 0

males = 1

- YMCA bike test and Astrand-Rhyming cycle ergo. test

- bikes easy to maintain and portable

- easier to manually meas. exercise HR and BP b/c arms are mostly stationary

- better for those with balance problems and those who are unfamiliar with the treadmill

- can underestimate actual cardiorespiratory fitness of clients unaccumstomed to cycling (experience premature leg fatigue)

- exercise BP also will be higher if client was tested using a treadmill test

- obese uncomfortable on seat or are physically unable to pedal at appropriate cadence.

- people with orthopedic probs. that limit knee ROM to < 110 degrees

- people with neuromuscular probs. who cant maintain cadence of 50 rotations per minute (rpm)

- measures HRss response to incremental (and predetermined) 3 min. workloads that progressively elicit higher HR responses

- HR responses plotted on graph against workloads performed

- estimate submax. target HR [(208 - 0.7 x age) x 85%] rec. as a test endpt.

rec. wt. in lbs. and convert to kg--lbs. / 2.2

-rec. seated resting BP

-seat height (knee 5-10 dgrs. flexion)

-ride at 50 rpm cadence

-2-3 min. w-up

- 3 min./stg

- wkld. 1-150 kgm/min

- keep 50 rpm cadence

- meas. HR and RPE end of each min., BP at start of min. 3

-HR at end of min 3 must be w/in 5 bpm of HR at end of 2, if not +1 min

- meas. HR last 15 secs. stg 1 to decide stg. 2 wkld.

- at least 2 stgs. must be completed to plot approp. HR response

- HR measrs. must be btwn. 110-155 bpm (and 85% of age-predic. HR)

- HR in 2nd and 3rd mins. of stg. 2 must be w/in 5 bpm of each other

----if HRs >6bpm apart btwn. 2 and 3= +1 min

wk.rate often expressed in watts.  1 watt= 6 kgm/min

- convert L/min to mL/min by multiplying by 1,000

- convert body wt. in lbs. to kg by dividing lbs. by 2.2

- divide mL/kg

O2 uptake always meas./min so units become

  mL/kg/min

estimated VO2 max using a single-stage 6 min. submax. cycling protocol.

- easier than YMCA

- better for more experienced riders

submaximal rates: 55%, 60%, 75%, 85% etc.

ex: predict submaximal target exercise HR of 85%

[ (208 - 0.7 x age) x 85%]

- estimate 85% MHR

- rec. wt. in kg

- rec. seated resting BP

- discuss RPE

- adjust seat height (knee 5-10 degrees flexion)

- 50 rpm cadence

- 2-3 min. w-up

- inform that test is 6 min.- must keep HRss btwn 120-170 bpm

- w-up 2-3 min to get HRss slightly above 120 bpm

-wkld. determ. by gender and phys. condition

- meas. HR after mins. 1 and 2

incrs. intensity if HR >120 bpm---decrease if HR near 170 bpm

- rec. RPE and HR each min.

- BP assess at 4 min.

- rec. HR at mins. 5 and 6