Chapter 8 notecards

Political Science 1113 with Ellis at University of Oklahoma

About this deck

By: Jessica Bruno
Textbook:

Essentials of American Government: Roots and Reform, 2009 Edition

The Good Citizen: How a Younger Generation Is Reshaping American Politics, Revised Edition
Created: 2011-04-09
Size: 37 flashcards
Views: 26

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Presidential qualifications

natural born citizen of the U.S., at least 35 years old, resident of U.S. for at least 14 years.

Term of office

4 year term with eligibility for re-election.

22nd amendment

limits the President to 4 year terms. Vice President who succeeds a president due to death, resignation, or impeachment is eligible to a total of 10 years in office--- 2 years of a Presidents remaining term and 2 elected terms OR more than 2 years of a President's term followed by 1 elected term.

impeachment

The 1st step in a formal process to remove a specified official from office. 2/3rds majority vote from the Senate is necessary to remove a President from office.

Executive privilege

An implied Presidential power that allows the President to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to COngress or the Judiciary.

U.S. vs. Nixon (1974)

Supreme Court ruled unanimously that there was no overriding executive privilege that sanctioned the presidents refusal to comply with a Court order to produce information for use in the trial of Watergate defendants.

William Harris

First President to die in office, John Tyler became the first Vice to succeed to the Presidency.

Presidential succession act

VP, Speaker of the House, president pro temp, secretary of state, secretary of treasury, secretary of defense, attorney general, etc. (cabinet members.)

25th amendment

Adopted in 1987 to establish procedures for filing vacancies in the office of the President of Vice, as well as providing for procedures to deal with tragedies within certain offices.

Cabinet

An advisory group selected by the President to help him make decisions and executive laws.

The Power to convene Congress

Constitution requires that the President must inform Congress of the "State of the Union" and authorizes the President to convene either one or both houses of Congress on "Extraordinary Occasions"

Power to make treaties

All treaties must be approved by at least 2/3rds of the Senate.

Treaty of Versailles

Agreement among other nations to end WW1, submitted by Woodrow WIlson in 1919. Isolationists such as Lodge shut it down, wanted to be isolated from other nations.

Executive agreements

Allow the President to inform secret and highly sensitive arrangements with foreign nations without Senate approval.

Veto power

The formal, constitutional authority of the President to reject bills passed by both Houses of Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional act.

Line-item veto

The power to disapprove of individual items within a spending bill and not just the bill in its entirety.

Power as commander in chief

Congress does have authority to declare war, but Presidents since Lincoln have used this clause in conjunction with the chief executive duty to take care that the laws be faithfully executed" to wage wars.

War Powers Act- 1973

Limited the President's authority to introduce American troops into hostile foreign lands without congressional approval.

Pardon

An executive grant to release individuals from the punishment or legal consequences.

Evolution of Presidential Powers

How a President wields his limited powers. Its up to the President to stretch the powers. Different times call for different leaders, also they provide limits or controversially wide opportunities for whoever serves as the president at the time.

Inherent powers

Powers that belong to the President because they can be inferred from the Constitution.

Jefferson

Took critical steps to expand the role of the president in the legislative process, he claimed that certain presidential powers were inherent powers and use those powers to justify his expansion of the size of the nation through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

Adams

poor leadership skills heightened the divisions between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

New Deal

Created by FDR in 1933, a package of bold and controversial programs designed to invigorate the failing American economy.

Vice President

Chosen by the President largely to balance politically, geographically. or otherwise the presidential ticket with little thought at first that the vice president would ever become President.

Jimmy Carter

First President to give his Vice President,Walter Mondale, more than ceremonial duties. Also, first Vice to have an office in the White House.

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

established by FDR in 1939 to oversee his New Deal programs. It was created to provide the President with a general staff to help him direct the diverse activities of the executive branch. president appoints each member but hey must perform their tasks in accordance with congressional legislation, played key roles in advancing the President's policy preferences.

White House Staff

personal assistants to the President including senior aids, their deputies, assistants with professional duties and clerical administration aids. As personal assistants these advisors are not subject to Senate confirmation nor do that have divided loyalties. Power derived from their personal relationship with the President and they have no independent legal authority.

President power to persuade

Political leadership

Going Public

A president goes over the heads of members of Congress to gain support from the people, who can place pressure on their elected officials in Washington. Press conferences and T.V. appearances, traveling around to build personal support as well as administrative support.

Bully pulpit

Revival; pulpit to get attention; this manner of speaking to people was very effective.

Public Opinion

High levels of public support make for better approval ratings and a better Presidency. Lower approval ratings crippled in policy arena.

The President as policy maker

The president and the executive branch not only executed the laws but generally suggested them and proposed budgets to Congress to fund those proposals.

Office of Management Budget (OMB)

Office that represents the President's annual budget proposal, reviews the budget and programs of the executive office, supplies economic forecasts and conducts detailed analyses of proposed bills and agency rules. Originally created in 1921 as the Bureau of the Budget and added to the President's office in 1939, Nixon changed it to OMB in 1970.

Executive Order

Rule or regulation issued by the President that has the effect of law without Congressional approval, must be published through the federal register.

Youngstown Steel

Truman wanted to fire all strikers of the steel company and put more people in- limit of executive order- did not work.

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

Looks at how much money is going to be given to Congress. Works with OMB in developing budget, come together to have one budget.