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Chapter 8 Rise of Islam
AP World History with Klucher at North Little Rock H.S. West
About this deck
By: Caleb Woodall
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 30
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 30
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What is the meaning of Islam?
submission to the will of God
What is the meaning of muslim?
one who surrenders
Was Islam polytheistic or monotheistic?
polytheistic until 7th century
Describe certain aspects of the Nomadic Bedouin
- lived in the desert-covered peninsula for millennia
- kept herds of sheep, goats, and camels
- organized in family and clan groups
- importance of kinship and loyalty to the clan
- many tribes seem to have been matrilineal with some rights for women
Mecca was the key city for what?
key city for trade and pilgrimage
Describe the trade that went on with the Byzantines and Sasinds in Arabia.
- gold, frankincense, myrrh
- part of red sea trade system
- trade from Damascus to Mecca/Median to Yemen
- trade across desert to Persian Gulf and along coast
Who founded Islam?
Muhammad; experienced visions at age 40 from Gabriel
What is the holy book of Islam?
- Quran ("recitation")
- not written by Muhammad
What is the Hadith?
- sayings attributed to Muhammad that aren't included in Quran
- dealt with legal issues
What is the Higra?
- lit.-'flight'
- Muhammad and follows fled to Medina in 622 C.E. because of hatred from citizens in Mecca
- starting point in Islamic calendar
what is the Umma?
- cohesive community organized by Muhammad in Medina
- led commercial adventure
- sometimes launched raids against Mecca caravans
- helped poor and needy
- unification of 1 religion
what does 'seal of the prophets' mean
final prophet of Allah
name used by Muhammad
name used by Muhammad
what were people of the book?
Christians/Jews
if Hebrew scriptures and New Testament didnt threaten umma, they were to be protected
if Hebrew scriptures and New Testament didnt threaten umma, they were to be protected
What happened when Muhammad returned to Mecca?
- conquered Mecca, 630
- imposed a theorcratic government dedicated to Allah
- destroyed pagan shrines and built mosques
what were the Five Pillars of Islam?
- obligations taught by Muhammad
- bound the umma into a cohesive communtiy of faith
- profession of faith, prayer, tithing, pilgrimage, fasting at Ramadan
Name each pillar of the Five Pillars
- Shahada
- Salat
- Zakat
- Sawm
- Hajj
what is the Sharia?
- Islamic law
- emerged after Muhammad
- makes Islam a way of life
- establishes common morals to minimize political and ethnic division
describe the sunnis sect
- Sunnis
- traditionalists
- accepted ligitimacy of early caliphs
- arab as opposed to Islamic
- didn't feel caliphs had to be related to Muhammad
describe the shia sect
- Shia
- supported Ali
- refuge for non-Arab converts, poor
- felt caliphs should be directly related to Muhammad
how did the sects interact, and which has the majority today?
two sects struggled over succession;produced a civil war
battles of Camel/Ali
sunnis-majority of muslims today
battles of Camel/Ali
sunnis-majority of muslims today
Who murdered Ali, and what happened afterward?
Yazid; new dynasty(Umayyad) established
how did the Umayyad Dynasty treat the people the conquered?
levied jizya (head tax) on those who didn't convert to Islam
even the converts didn't enjoy wealth, position of authority
even the converts didn't enjoy wealth, position of authority
What 4 factors contributed to the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty?
- caliphs became alienated from Arabs by early 8th century
- by the mid-century, faced strong resistance of the Shia faction
- the discontent of conquered peoples increased
- umayyad family slaughtered; only one son escaped to Spain
About this deck
By: Caleb Woodall
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 30
Created: 2010-11-21
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 30
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy