Chapter 8 Study Guide
Biology 1100 with Gee at East Carolina University
About this deck
By: Joseph Samuels II
Textbook:
Biological Science (4th Edition)
Created: 2010-10-07
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 116
Textbook:
Biological Science (4th Edition)Created: 2010-10-07
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 116
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What is the Primary Cell Wall?
- consists of long strains of cellulose, that are cross-linked by other polysaccharide filaments and bundled into stout, cable-like microfibrils.
What are Pectins?
- molecules that are used to thicken jams and jellies
- the space between microfibibrils is filled with gelatinous polysaccharides like pectins
What is a secondary cell wall?
- inside the primary call wall
- varies from cell to cell in the plant and correlates with that cells function
- includes lignin: a tough substance that forms an exceptionally rigid network
- cells that have thick secondary cell walls of cellulose and lignin help plants withstand the forces of gravity and wind.
- If a leaf had stopped growing, what type of cell wall would you expect its individual cells to have?
- What would you predict to find as an “extra” component of this cell wall?
- lignin
- cellulose
What is turgor pressure?
Force against the primary cell wall from incoming water that inflates the plasma membrane.
What is the one big difference between plant cell walls and animal extracellular matrices?
- the animal ECM contains much more protein than cell wall.
What is the most abundant protein found in the ECM?
- the fibrous compenent of animal ECM is dominated by a cable like protein, collagen
Integrins are proteins that serve to connect what two structures or proteins? (Hint: one is inside the cytoplasm of individual cells, and the other is found in the ECM) Why is this important?
- integrins bind to nearby protein in the EMC, including fibronectins, which in turn bind to collagen fibers.
- actin filaments in the cytoskeleton are connected to transmembrane protein (which are integrins)
- in addition to keeping individual cells in place, it helps adjacent cells adhere to each other via their common connection to the EMC
Tight junctions form in animal cells as a result of interactions between ________ proteins of adjacent cells? What types of tissues discussed in class commonly have tight junctions?
- specialized (in plasma membranes)
- epithelial cells lining your stomach and intestines (cells that form a barrier)
What is a desmosome?
- very sophisticated cell-cell connections
- bind together the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
What three components make up a desmosome?
- at there heart are proteins that bind to each other and to
- larger proteins that anchor intermediate fillaments in the cytoskeleton of the two cells. this is how desmosomes:
- bind together the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells
What did the sponge experiment tell us?
- Selective adhesion
- cells of each type began to combine and aggregate because they adhered to cells of the same tissue type. (the experimental sponge cells re-formed functional adult sponges.)
What is a cadherin?
- the attachment molecules in desmosomes
- each cadherin can bind only to cadherins of the same type
- provide the physical basis for selective adhesion on many cells and are a critical component of the desmosomes that join mature cells.
What are plasmodesmata?
- connections between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells (gaps in cells walls). are communication portals
- the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm of the two cells are continuous
- Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum runs through these holes in plant cells
- contain proteins that regulate the passage of specific proteins
Do you find plasmodesmata in plant or animal cells?
- plant cells
What is a gap junction?
- structures in animal tissues that connect adjacent cells
What forms in a gap junction?
- specialized proteins that create channels between cells
Gap junctions are found in animal or plant cells?
- animal
What is special about a gap junction that makes it different from plasmodesmata?
- gap junctions allows water, ions, and small molecules such as amino acids, sugars and nucleotides to move between adjacent cells
What is a hormone?
small information-carrying molecules, typically present in minute concentrations, that are secreted by plant or animal cells. circulate body and act on target cells far from the original cell that sent the signal
About this deck
By: Joseph Samuels II
Textbook: Biological Science (4th Edition)
Created: 2010-10-07
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 116
Textbook:
Biological Science (4th Edition)Created: 2010-10-07
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 116
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis