chapter 8

Cultural Anthropology 112 a with Lagotte at Washburn University

About this deck

By: angela smith
Textbook:

Cengage Advantage Books: Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

Conformity and Conflict: Readings in Cultural Anthropology (13th Edition)
Created: 2011-03-13
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 11

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consanguines

blood relatives related by birth

affines

in laws related by marriage

kin group

social group formed on basis of recognized (including fictive) kin relationship between members

nuclear family

married couple and their unmarried children. it is one kind of kin group

extended family

culturally recognized relatives of varying degrees of distance.

household

a domestic group, or people who live in the same place and share assets and certain responsibilities. one or more families who live in same place.

fictive kinship

which individuals who are not actually biological relatives act toward one another as if they are kin.

incest taboo

rules against sexual intercourse between relatives

exogamous rules

exogamy (out marriage) means an individual is prohibited from marrying within his or her own family or other kin group, or less often, village or settlement.

endogamous rules

endogamy (in marriage) means that an individual must marry someone in his or her own social group

monogamy

every individual is allowed only one spouse

polygyny

one man is allowed multiple wives

polandry

one woman is allowed multiple husbands

group marriage

several women and men are allowed to be married simultaneously to one another

polygamy

"plural spouses" refer to number of spouses allowed to a person, not necessarily to how many spouses most people have

marriage alliances

alliance between members of two kin groups, and in many cultures, critical for the well being and survival of intermarried groups

levirate

if a womens husband dies, she marries one of his close kinsmen (usually brother)

sororate

preserves affinalties between kin groups. if a woman dies, kin group obliged to replace her with another woman from the group, no additional bridewealth is transferred. widow marries relative of deceased wife.

bridewealth

requires a man and or his relatives to transfer wealth to relatives of his bride.

brideservice

a husband is required to spend a period of time working for the family of his bride.

dowry

marital exchange when family of woman transfers a portion of its own wealth, or property to the women (their daughters) and or to her husband and his family

postmarital residence pattern

where most newly married couples in a society establish their residence

patrilocal residence

couples live with or near the parents of the husband

matrilocal residence

couples live with or near the parents of the wife

ambilocal residence

couples may choose to live with either the wife's or husband's kin; roughly half of all couples choose each

bilocal residence

couples move back and forth between the households of both sets of parents according to prefrences and circumstances

neolocal residence

couples live apart from both parents, establishing a seperate dwelling and independent household

avunculocal residence

couples live with the maternal uncle of the husband

matrifocal family

where a mother (with or without a husband) bears most of the burden of supporting her children economically and nurturing them emotionally and intellectually. family groups consisting of a mother and her children, with male only loosly attached or not present at all.

inequality

refers to degree to which culturally valued material and social rewards are given disproportionately to individuals, families, and other kinds of groups

egalitarian

rough equality across familis in access to possessions and wealth objects. wide access to and sharing of productive resources, influence and prestige based on age and personal qualities and achievements

ranked

limited number of formal social roles or positions (offices, titles) that grant authority, access to prestigious titles and offices determined largely by hereditary family/kinship ties, rights to resources allocated by those of higher rank

stratified

sharply unequal distribution of resources and wealth, large inequalities in access to power and social rewards (prestige)

class

vague definition and imprecise membership determined by a combination of birth and achievement, class membership broadly determined by occupation and wealth level

caste

named endogamous randed groups with membership normatively based on birth, occupation and activities constrained by caste membership, interaction between members of different castes governed by social rules (segregation, pollution)

ideology

refferring to any set of ideas held by a group as in the phrases leftist political ideology and feminist ideology. refer to ideas that justify the status quo of inequality

secular ideology

justify inequality by affecting peoples consciousness not by threatening physical coercion. are believed to large numbers of people based on existing cultural knowledge

functional theory of inequality

theory holding that stratification is a way to reward individuals who contribute most to socity's well-being

conflict theory of inequality

theory holding that stratification benefits mainly the upper stratum and is the cause of most social unrest and other conflicts in human societies