Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
Psychology 0010 with Shoup-knox at University of Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh
About this deck
By: Sahil Amin
Textbook:
Mastering the World of Psychology (4th Edition)
Created: 2011-11-24
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 67
Textbook:
Mastering the World of Psychology (4th Edition)Created: 2011-11-24
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 67
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy
Sign up (free) to study this.
motivation
all the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior
motive
need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
primary drives
states of tension or arousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned
social motives
motives that are acquired through experience and interaction with others
work motivation
the conditions and processes responsible for the arousal, direction, magnitude, and maintenance of effort of workers on the job
achievement motivation
factors that move people to seek success in academic settings
intrinsic motivation
the desire to behave in a certain way because it is enjoyable or satisfying in and of itself
incentive
an external stimulus that motivates behavior
extrinsic motivation
the desire to behave in a certain way in order to gain some external reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence
drive-reduction theory
a theory of motivation suggesting that biological needs create internal states of tension or arousal, called drives, which organisms are motivated to reduce
drive
an internal state of tension or arousal that is brought about by an underlying need and that an organism is motivated to reduce
homeostasis
the natural tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state in order to ensure physical survival
arousal
a state of alertness and mental and physical activation
stimulus motives
motives that cause humans and other animals to increase stimulation when the level of arousal is too low
Yerkes-Dodson law
the principle that performance on tasks is best when the arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task: higher arousal for simple tasks, moderate arousal for tasks of moderate difficulty, and lower arousal for complex tasks
industrial/organizational psychologists
psychologists who apply their knowledge in the workplace and are especially interested in work motivation and job performance
goal setting
an approach to work motivation that involves establishing specific, difficult goals rather than simply telling people to do their best in the absence of assigned goals
expectancy theory
an approach that explains work motivation in terms of workers' beliefs about the effectiveness and value of the effort they put forth on the job
need for achievement
the need to accomplish something difficult and to perform at a high standard of excellence
goal orientation theory
the view that achievement motivation depends on which of four goal orientations an individual adopts
self-actualization
the pursuit of self-defined goals for personal fulfillment and growth
lateral hypothealamus
the part of the hypothalamus that acts as a feeding center to incite eating
ventromedial hypothalamus
the part of the hypothalamus that acts as a satiety center to inhibit eating
body mass index
a measure of weight relative to height
metabolic rate
the rate at which the body burns calories to produce energy
set point
the weight the body normally maintains when one is trying neither to gain nor to lose weight
obesity
BMI over 30
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by an overwhelming, irrational fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, compulsive dieting to the point of self-starvation, and excessive weight loss.
bulimia nervosa
aneating disorder characterized by repeated and uncontrolled episodes of binge eating
parental investment
a term used by evolutionary psychologists to denote the amount of time and effort men or women must devote to parenthood
sexual response cycle
the four phases, excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution, that make up the human sexual response in both males and females, according to Masters and Johnson
sexual orientation
the direction of one's sexual interest
homophobia
an intense, irrational hostility toward or fear of homosexuals
emotion
a state involving physiological arousal, a cognitive appraisal of the situation that produced the state, and an outward behavior expressing the state
James-Lange theory
the theory that emotional feelings result when an individual becomes aware of a physiological response to an emotion-provoking stimulus
Cannon-Bard theory
the theory that an emotion-provoking stimulus is transmitted simultaneously to the cerebral cortex, providing the conscious mental experience of the emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, causing the physiological arousal
Schachter-Singer theory
a two-factor theory stating that for an emotion to occur, there must be physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation or explanation of the arousal, allowing it to be labeled as a specific emotion
Lazarus theory
the theory that a cognitive appraisal is the first in an emotional response and all other aspects of an emotion, including physiological arousal, depend on it
affective neuroscience
the study of the neurological foundations of emotion
basic emotions
emotions that are unlearned and universal, that are reflected in the same facial expressions across cultures, and that emerge in children according to their biological timetable of development
display rules
cultural rules that dictate how emotions should generally be expressed and when and where their expression is appropriate
facial-feedback hypothesis
the idea that the muscular movements involved in certain facial expressions produce the corresponding emotions
positive psychology
the view that psychologists should study and promote the development of human strengths such as optimism
About this deck
By: Sahil Amin
Textbook: Mastering the World of Psychology (4th Edition)
Created: 2011-11-24
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 67
Textbook:
Mastering the World of Psychology (4th Edition)Created: 2011-11-24
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 67
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy