Chapter 9 study

Science 1010 with Brady at Bowling Green State University

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By: Aaron Young
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 30

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What are the four classes of air-breathing tetrapods?

Amphibia (some-what)

Reptilia

Aves

Mammalia

What are hypotonic fluids?

Less salt inside their bodies than ocean

Describe the characteristics of class Amphibia

Limbs adapted for walking on land

Eyelids (eyes are moist)

Ears (for air)

Lungs (some exchange gases across skin)

Three chambered

must return to water to mate and lay eggs

Name and describe Marine Reptles

Snakes, turtles, iguanas

Nasal Glands (secretes salt) and special kidneys

Huge marine reptiles extinct

Describe the life cycle of a sea turtle

Eggs deposited in coverted nests on beaches

Hatched turtles enter the sea

10 years spent maturing in the open ocean

Then return to beach to lay eggs

What are some specific mortality factors for sea turtles

Crabs

Raccoons

Birds

Pollution/Garbage

People

What would happen if all baby turtles lived long enough to reproduce?

Overpopulation of Turtles

Name which type of animals are in Class Aviation (Aves)

Marine Birds

Endotherms

Feathers

What are so special about Feathers

They're waterproof

- Oil Glands

What is different about Penguins than other birds?

Flightless

Dense bones for diving

Male incubates egg on feet for 64 days

Female returns when egg hatches

Name other types of marine birds

Tubenoses

Pelicans

Gulls

Shorebirds

What are the characteristics of the Class Mammalia

Viviporous

Body Hair

Milk secreting mammary glands

Name some species of the Class Carnivora

Seals

sea lions

walruses

sea otter

polar bears

Name some species of the Suborder Pinniped

Seals

Sea lions

walruses

- Harems

- Bachelor groups

What is Blubber

Thick layer of fat

What type of animals are apart of Class Sirenia

Manatees and Sea Cows

- Paddlelike tails

- herbivorous

- lives in shallow warm waters

What are the characteristics of Class Cetacea

Terrestrial ancestors

Lack pelvic appendages

Dorsal blowhole

Echolocation

Sound vibrations animals make that bounce off any object letting know how far something is from that creature

- dolphins can send air through the blowhole and the septum (flap) can produce loud clicking sounds and blasts sound waves in front of them and the echo bounces off a target back to the dolphin. The bottom jaw picks up on the sound waves coming back

Where are whales and dolphins found

Ocean: salt water. Some dolphins are found in freshwater. Chinese river, (Chinese river dolphin)

Are whales and dolphins fish

No, they're mammals

Why are whales and dolphins so big

helps retain heat

What are Conical teeth used for?

Used for holding food

- Killer Whale

What is Baleen for?

Used for filtering food from the water

What is Convergent Evolution

Different species develop similar structures because they have similar lifestyles (and selection pressures).

- Ex. Shark, dolphin, ichthyosaur

- Ex. Crocodile

What is Conditioning

Reward for Action

What is Cortex

Expanded for sound

What is "Summer"

Antarctic Feeding

What is "Winter"

Tropical bredding

What are the Internal sex organs

Genital slits

What are Cetaceans

Pleasure

3rd party male

Baby's gain 2lbs an hour

What is a Reef

Organic

Calcium Carbonate (CAC)3) secreting animals and plants

- limestone

What are Polyps

Individual coral

secretes protective exoskeleton of calcium carbonate called a corallite

solitary or colony

colonial species give rise to coral reefs

What are Hermatic

Zooxanthellae

Reef builders

colonial

shallow, tropical seas

What are Ahermatypic

Non-reef building

not limited shallow or warm water

some in polar seas

What is a Gamete

Moon

Sperm

What is Coral Nutrition

Tentacles capture prey

- Neumatocysts

- Stinging cells

What are Zooxanthellae? What do they do?

photosynthetic dinoflagellates

provide oxygen and organic materials

remove the coral's waste products

enhance skeleton formation

What are Mesenterial Filaments

Digestive enzymes

thru mouth or body wall

absorb food

Where does Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) come from?

Water

What are Reefs

Nutrients levels are low

But, coral reefs are highly productive environments

Zooxanthellae obtain nutrients from coral's waste products

material recycled

Coralline Red Algae

Complex structure provides many niches

What is Coralline Red Algae

Bind and stabilize reef

grazed extensively

Growth determined by

Water >20 degrees C

Salinity

Water clarity

What is Water Clarity

productivity of the zooxanth

sediment smothers polyps

not near river mouths

What are Nutrient levels

outcompeted by algae and benthic animals if too high

what is an El Nino

Warm water

Coral bleaching

what are High Nutrients

Algae bloom

Hawaii bubble algae

what is an Atoll

A ringlike coral island and reef that nearly or entirely encloses a lagoon

what is a Barrier

A long, narrow of coral or rock parallel to and relatively near a coastline, separated from the coastline by a lagoon too deep for coral growth

what is Fringing

A coral reef formed close to a shoreline

Who is Charles Darwin

HMS Beagle in the 1830's

Proposed that an atoll began as a fringing reef around a volcanic islands

What is the Theory of Atoll Origin

fringing reef around a volcanic island would eventually become a barrier reef as the island gradually sank and a lagoon formed between the reef and the island

Over time, coral growth at the reef's outer edge would push the top of the reef above the water

As the original volcanic island disappeared beneath the sea

When does the Epipelagic end?

In the Photic zone which is 500 ft

How much light is in the Mesopelagic

Dim Light

How much light is in the Deep Sea

No Light

One type of Zooplankton

Krill

~ Photophores

Are Squid a type of photophore?

Yes

Characteristics of Deep Sea Fish

Small (1-4 in.)

Bristlemouths (cyclothone) & Laternfish are most abundant

characteristics of Fish adaptations of the deep sea?

transparent

small size

largemouth

hinged & extendible jaw

huge teeth

what is counterillumination

Its similar to countershading

break up silhouette

What does Biolum do?

Attract Prey

communication

Deep sea sex

hermaphrodites

phermones

~ chemical signals

Male paratism

jaw fuses with flesh

circulatory systems join

hydrothermal vent

hydrogen sulfide

vent tube worm

deep sea bacteria very slow

alvin lunch (10 months)

About this deck

By: Aaron Young
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 30

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj