Chapter Five - Notes
Political Science 340 with Freeland at University of Tennessee - Knoxville
About this deck
By: Elizabeth T
Textbook:
Public Administration: An Action Orientation
Created: 2011-02-24
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 119
Textbook:
Public Administration: An Action OrientationCreated: 2011-02-24
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 119
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Classical/Structural Approach
Which approach to organizations is characterized by the following:
- Science
- Efficiency
- Generic Management
- Money is primary motivator
- Politics/administration dichotomy
1900-1940
During what years was the classical approach employed?
Generic Management
What term describes the thought process that management in business and government is the same?
Max Weber
Which individual coined and defined the term "bureaucracy"?
Bureaucracy
What term is defined by the following:
- an organizational form
- specialization of workers
- division of labor
- hierarchy
- paid positions
- tenure
Middle Class
During Weber's day, efficient, dependable service was particularly important for what emerging group?
Protestantism and Capitalism
What two movements enabled bureaucracy to become somewhat powerful/prevalent?
Paid
It is important that government positions are ______. (think of tax collectors during the early Roman Empire)
Woodrow Wilson
Which individual published an article titled "The Study of Administration? He sought to address corruption and to instead promote efficient, honest administration.
Leonard White
Who wrote the first public administration textbook, which was published in 1926?
Scientific Management
What approach to management was based on carefully defined laws, rules, and principles, so that each worker had a specific way to work that would make him most efficient?
Frederick Taylor
Which individual believed that there was one "best way" of doing things?
Labor Unions
What people group was particularly opposed to scientific management, believing that increased efficiency would lead to a loss of jobs?
Social Darwinism
What theory enabled those with money to possess power, and thus leadership positions, in society? It was prevalent during the late 1800s.
Administrative Management
What type of management focuses on the formal organizational chart? It seeks to structure an organization in the best possible manner.
Luther Gulick
What advisor on organization laid out eight things that a public administrator must do? (Plan, Organize, Staff, Direct, Coordinate, Report, Budget)
Centralization
What term describes the degree to which decision-making is focused on one or a single group of individuals?
Formalization
What term describes the extent to which there are written rules that must be followed within the organization?
Judicial System, Military, and FBI
What are three examples of highly formal organizations with respect to their complexity?
Craftsmen, and faculty members are universities
What are two examples of minimally formal organizations with respect to their complexity?
Spatial Complexity
What type of complexity describes how spread out an organization is geographically? For example, McDonalds is highly complex in this manner since it has 30,000 stores across the US alone
Horizontal Complexity
What type of complexity describes the variety of occupations, training, and persons employed that exist in an organization? (universities and hospitals are highly complex in this regard)
Vertical Complexity
What type of complexity describes how tall or short an organization is, assuming equal numbers of employees?
Span of Control
What term describes the number of employees each manager manages
Tall
If an organization has a high vertical complexity, is it considered to be tall or short?
Ease of communication with upper-level management
Name one advantage of a flat organization.
Less supervision
Name one disadvantage of a flat organization.
More opportunities for promotion
As a new employee, why would you want your organization to be tall?
Mechanistic Structure
What type of organizational structure can be defined by a classic bureaucracy, with high centralization and high formalization?
Military, factories, fast food, police, fire department
Give some examples of mechanistic organizations.
Expectations are known and understood. Responsibilities are simple and predictable.
What are the advantages of a mechanistic organization?
Organic Structure
What organizational structure is characterized by low centralization and low formalization? Employees are measured by their output and not by how well they follow the rules.
University faculty
Name one example of an organic structure
It can be both
Can an organization be both mechanistic and organic or must it be one or the other?
1. Assumes money is the only motivator
2. Cannot respond rapidly
3. Jobs are highly constrained
What are three challenges with the structural view of the organization?
Human Relations
What approach to organizations dominated during the 1940s?
Mayo
What author stated that it wasn't the physical conditions of work that mattered, rather the attention paid to the employees?
Businesses
What group was thrilled by Mayo's work, since it meant that you didn't have to pay your employees more to get them to work harder?
Hawthorne Studies
What studies done proved that attention paid to workers is the most important factor in productivity?
Maslow
What author determined that workers are actually seeking self-actualization (satisfaction) through their jobs?
Herzberg
What author claimed that both satisficers and dissatisficers are present in jobs, but the satisficers must be present in order for a job to be enjoyed by workers?
Satisficer
What term describes a job that gives you autonomy and is interesting.?
Dissatisficer
What term describes the things that make you not like your job (noise, dirty conditions, etc)?
Douglas McGregor
What author promoted two theories of viewing employees, which he coined Theory X and Theory Y?
Theory X
Which theory of management views employees as being inherently lazy? They need direction, and they don't want to work.
Theory Y
Which theory of management views employees as being responsible and inherently interested in work?
1. Underestimates money as a motivator
2. Job satisfaction does not always equate to productivity
3. Assumes all workers value their jobs in the same way
What deficiencies does the Human Relations Approach to management have?
Decision-Making Approach
What approach to management was affirmed by Herbert Simon, who said that a good manager shouldn't have to give orders to get employees to do what he/she wanted?
Bounded Rationality
What term describes the fact that employees seek the best possible solution, but not necessarily the most rational from an economic standpoint?
Systems Theory
What approach to organizations upholds that an organization's environment is the most influential component in how that organization operates?
TVA
What is the example used to describe systems theory, showing that organizations change depending on local conditions?
Public Choice Theory
What theory of organizations upholds that decentralization, or smaller, more numerous organizations delivers services more efficiently?
The school system (charter schools, vouchers)
What is the best example of public choice theory being put into practice?
New Public Administration
What view of PA emerged in the early 1970s, heralding that administrators should not be neutral, rather they should focus on justice and be active politically as well?
Organizational Culture
What term describes the basic pattern of attitudes, beliefs, and value that underlie the organization's operations? Many of these are not explicitly stated
About this deck
By: Elizabeth T
Textbook: Public Administration: An Action Orientation
Created: 2011-02-24
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 119
Textbook:
Public Administration: An Action OrientationCreated: 2011-02-24
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 119
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj