Chapter one

StudyBlue printing of Chapter one html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } A first look at the body Anatomical terms Right-pt right Left-pt left superior-upper part of body inferior- lower part of body anterior-Front posterior-back medial-midline lateral-away from midline Ipsilateral- same side Contralateral- opposite side Proximal-Nearer (point of origin) Distal-distant from point of origin Superficial on the surface Deep- away from surface intermidiate- BTW 2 structures Superficial anatomy Body regions cephalic (head) cervical (neck) thoracic (chest) and abdominopelvic upper ext (arms, Hands) Lower ext (legs, feet) Ab quad R) hypochondriac-liver R) lumbar-ascending colon large intestines R) iliac-appendix Epigastric-pancreas/stomach Umbilical-transverse colon/sm intestine Hypogastric-rectum/bladder L)hypochondriac-spleen L)lumbar-descending colon L)iliac-descending colon/sm intestine Terms mid sagittal section-equal L)andR) halves parasagittal planes-unequal halves Horizontal/transverse- cutting top and bottom Frontal-cut body in half front and back Body Cavities Dorsal-cranial/vertebral canal Vertebral Column-spinal cord and roots Ventral Body cavity-viscera (soft organs) Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Scrotal cavity Cells Terms Plasma membrane- outer boundry contains protein Bilayer-phospholipids Intrinsic-tightly associated with membrance Extrinsic-less tightly asociated with membrane Glycoproteins proteins containing sugar Receptors-chemical messages adhesion molecules-allows tissues to recognize one another and stick together Parts of Cell Cytoplam-intracellular fluid contains organelles Nucleus- contains DNA Endoplasmic reticulum-contains proteins and lipids Ribosomes-contain RNA data Golgi apparatus-stacks of er that sort proteins Mitochondria rod like structures metabolism starts here ATP-chemical energy source ADP-energy depleting source Cytoskeleton-allow cell to take form and move Filaments microfilaments intermediate filaments micro tubules Tissue Types **tissues arise first in embryonic development three layers Ectoderm-outermost endoderm-lies innermost mesoderm btw ecto and endo Specific tissue types Nervous Epithelial Muscel Connective Nervous Tissue specialized for processing info exterior to interior neurons-generate/conduct electrical impluse glia-support neurons Epithelial Tissue sheets of cells form barriers btw interior/exterior enviro endocrine glands-secrete hormones exocrine glands-secrete substances (sweat) Structure simple-one layer thick stratified- multiple layers pseudostratified-one cell layer, some not tall enough to spreed through whole sheet Shapes Squamous-flatened look like stones Cuboidal-square like Columnar-cylindrical Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle-attach to bony skeleton (move) Cardiac-walls of heart, circulates blood through body Smooth-surrounds hollow internal organs Connective Tissue-Holds body parts together Intercellular material collagen and elastin-giant fibrous molecules arranged in bundles or mesh chondrotin-tough flexible like cartalige hyaluronc acid- gel that cements cells together Connective tissue Categories Connective tissue proper loosley arranged stuctural framework tendons-connects skeletal muscles ligaments-holds joints together Cartilage strong flexible smooth material secreted by cells called chondrocytes Bone hard rigid material reservior for calcium and phosphate compact bone-outer cover surrounding cancellous bone (spongy) osteons-compact bone surrounds Haversian canal (blood and nerver) Lamellae-surrounds haversian with rings of minerilized intercellular substance Lacune-occupies space btw lamellae Osteocytes-bone cells osteoblasts-synthesize bone osteoclasts-break it down Canaliculi-allow nutrients and 02 to osteocytes Trabeulea-meshwork bone marrow-fills space Blood blood plasma-contains salts, organic solutes, gases, and proteins formed elements-erythrocytes (RBC) leukocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (Platelets) Function to carry o2 to tissue and CO2 aways Adipose tissue storage of fat energy reserve, cushion organs, decrease heat loss adipocytes-derived from fibroblasts Organs Composed of two or more tissues and carries out multiple functions Systems Nervous Musculoskeletal Cardiovascular Resp Digestive Excretory Lymphatic Endocrine Immune Integumentary