Chapter Six
Psychology 101 with Jacobs at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: Allison Payenski
Textbook:
Psychology
Study Guide for Nairne's Psychology, 5th
Created: 2011-10-18
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 17
Textbook:
PsychologyStudy Guide for Nairne's Psychology, 5th
Created: 2011-10-18
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 17
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Learning
a permanent change in behavior due to experience
acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values
changing our behavior in response to the environment
acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values
changing our behavior in response to the environment
Classical conditioning
how we respond to the environment
Operant Conditioning
how we act in the environment
Observational learning
how we observe the environment
Behaviorists
insist psychologists should study observable, measurable behaviors
Methodological behaviorism
John B Watson
only observable behaviors are worthy of research
only observable behaviors are worthy of research
radical behaviorists
BF Skinner
environment plays a role in molding behavior
internal states are caused by external events or genetics
environment plays a role in molding behavior
internal states are caused by external events or genetics
Rise of behaviorism
useless to ask people their own opinions
Stimulus response psychology
how stimulus triggers a response
by Jacques Loeb
by Jacques Loeb
determinism
assumption that all behavior has a cause
Ivan Palov
founder of classical conditioning
research digestion
dog to associate sound with the bell
research digestion
dog to associate sound with the bell
Unconditioned Stimulus
evokes an unconditioned response without any prior conditioning
unconditioned response
an unlearned reaction/response to an UC that occurs without prior conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus
previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response
Conditioned Response
a learned reaction to a CS that occurs because of prior conditioning
Acquisition
the process that established/strengthens a conditioned response
Extinction
to extinguish a classically conditioned response, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus. the elimination of a learned behavior by discontinuing the reinforcer of that behavior
Spontaneous recovery
reappearance of a response that has been extinguished; seems to appear out of nowhere so it is a temporary return
stimulus generalization
a response to a specific stimulus becomes associated to other stimuli and now occurs to those
stimulus discrimination
learning to respond to one stimulus and not another
Thorndike and Operant Conditioning
used a learning curve to graph behavior changes over successive trials
Operant/instrumental conditioning
the type of learning that Thorndike studies; learning = behavior + consequences
law of Effect
Thorndike is founder
states that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences will be strengthened and will be more likely to occur in the future
states that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences will be strengthened and will be more likely to occur in the future
Shaping
Skinner box
BF Skinner
prevents outside factors
BF Skinner
prevents outside factors
Reinforcement
event that increases the probability that a response will be repeated
can be either presentation of a desirable item or removal of unpleasant item
can be either presentation of a desirable item or removal of unpleasant item
Positive Reinforcement
strengthens the likelihood of an event
Punishment
decreases probability of a response
Passive Avoidance Learning
punishment
individual learns outcome by being passive
individual learns outcome by being passive
Chaining Behavior
operant conditioning method where behaviors are reinforced by opportunities to engage in the next behavior
Primary/Secondary Reinforcers
food and water
money because it exchanges food and water..."learned"
money because it exchanges food and water..."learned"
Premack Principle
"grandma's rule"
states that a high frequency activity can be used to reinforce low frequency behavior
states that a high frequency activity can be used to reinforce low frequency behavior
About this deck
By: Allison Payenski
Textbook: Psychology
Study Guide for Nairne's Psychology, 5th
Created: 2011-10-18
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 17
Textbook:
PsychologyStudy Guide for Nairne's Psychology, 5th
Created: 2011-10-18
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 17
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis