Chapter Six

• Parliment claimed supremacy over Massachusetts.   The Governor became powerful, and could appoint all judges, sheriffs, and officers of the court with no election required.

• Said that any royal offical accused of a capital crime, would be tried in court in Britain, no matter if receiving a fair trial  in Boston.

Permitted the military commanders to lodge soldiers wherever necessary, even in private households.

• A New Yorker, appointed superintendent of Indian Affairs.
• Led  forces North toward Lake Champlain, in an effort to push the French back to Canada.

• The summer of 1754 was the opening battle of the war fought by England and France for control of the North American continent.
• It was also the opening episode of a worldwide struggle known in North America as the French and Indian War.

• An Act of Parliament to expand the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade to all British Colonies, selling excess tea at a reduced price.
• The act stated that Britain would refund 4/5 the price it cost to ship the tea to America, thus allowing it to be sold at a cheaper price than smuggled tea.

• A conflict over contested land in the Ohio Valley, variously claimed by Virginians, Pennsylvanians, the French and the Indians already living there.

• Colonists are virtually represented in Parliament.
• The House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they are.
• But some colonial leaders did not beilive that Virtual Representation could withstand the stretch across the Atlantic.

• Sir George Grenville, Prime Minister
• The original Molasses act placed a stiff tax on any molasses bought from non-British sources to discourage trade with French Caribbean Islands and redirect the trade to British sugar islands. But it didn't work.
• He lowered the duty on French molasses to 3 pence, making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law.

• Established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper and painters' colors imported into the colonies.
• Paid by the importers but sold to comsumers in the retail price.
• Taxation through trade duties.
• Directs some of the revenue generated to pay the salaries of royal governors.

• Grenville imposed tax on all paper used for official documents.
• Required an affixed stamp as proof that the tax had been paid.
• Was designed simply to raise money.
• Affected everyone who used any taxed paper, but mostly business and legal communities.

• Forbids colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• Aimed to separate Indian and settlers
• Also limits trade with Indians to traders licensed by colonial governors.
• Forbids private sales of Indian land.

• Chief of the Ottawa tribe in Northern Ohio
• Dissatisfied with the withdrawal of the French from N.A, after the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763, he attacked the British garrison near Detroit.
• Six more attacks on forts and frontier settlements followed.
• By the fall, every fort W. of Detroit was captured, more than 400 British soldiers were dead, plus 2000 colonists were killed or taken captive.