Chapter_11.docx

Chapter 11 Federalist and Republican Mudslingers Federalists enemies by 1800 b/c: Alien and Sedition Acts Adams not declare war on FR Raise lot of $ for army/navy BUT don?t use = rise debt Federalists attack Jefferson Rob widow, father slave, atheist Jefferson Revolutions of 1800 Jefferson wins 73-65 electoral votes (lose popular to Adams) NY switch Tied w/VP Burr- polled South and West House of Representatives- @ 1st want Burr, then change to Jefferson Revolution of 1800 Peaceful transfer of power Jefferson narrowly wins Jefferson goal: restore republican experiment Responsibility Breeds Moderation Jefferson inaugurated, 3/4/01 Will of majority, but equality to minority Friendship NOT alliances w/foreign countries Informal Rule Not sit according to rank Dress informally Send messages to Congress to be read by clerk Reverse some political principles fought for Dismiss only few Federalists from office (D/R angry) Rely on personal charm b/c lack of unity Jeffersonian Restraint Few Changes in Hamilton system Pardon accuse of Sedition and Alien Acts Naturalization Act 1802- lower requirements from 14 to 5 yrs Remove excise tax- cost gov. millions Albert Gallatin- new Secretary of Treasury Reduce debt by balancing budget Restrain by absorbing Federalist ideas and not completely overthrowing them Dead Clutch of Judiciary Judiciary Act of 1801- last Federalist law passed Appoint midnight judges and other judicial offices Want to maintain Federalist legacy Chief Marshall Valley Forge- convince to be Federalist Marbury v. Madison 1803 Marbury appoint as midnight judge BUT Madison take away Marbury sue and use Judiciary Act of 1789 as reason Marshall dismiss Result: Supreme Court final say on if constitutional (judicial review) 1804- Jefferson try to impeach Justice Chase (Senate disapprove) Never try impeach justice again Jefferson a Reluctant Warrior Jefferson fear large standing army Want win friends peacefully Reduce milita to 2500 North African Barby States- raid US ships 1801- pasha of Tripoli declare war and cut down flagstaff of US consulate Jefferson send navy to fight (4yrs) Peace Treaty 1805- for $60,000 Use small, fast, BUT fragile gunboats (not very good at guarding shore) Louisiana Godsend 1800 Napoleon secretly induce SP to cede LA to FR 1802- SP w/ draw right to deposit in New Orleans Farmers angry b/c need Misp Riv to transport goods 1803 Jefferson send Monroe and Livingston to try buy NO for $10 mill (max) Napoleon offer sell all LA and W for $15 million b/c: L?overture Rebellion in Haiti Need $ to renew war w/GB LA Purchase finalized 4/30/03 Jefferson claim purchase not constitutional BUT offer too good Federalists not want land b/c = more land for Republicans and farmers Senate approve quickly = US double in size Louisiana in Long View New Precedents Acquire foreign territory through purchase Incorporate territory on equal membership Isolationists principles b/c removal of all European power 1804 Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery Mandan Indians in N. Dakota 2.5 yr to Pacific Coast Zebulon Pike 1805-06: S. LA and Pike?s Peak Aaron Burr Conspiracies Burr join Federalists and provoke NE and NY secession Hamilton sell out plan---killed by Burr in duel Allegiance w/ Wilkinson- try to separate E and W Wilkinson flee and Burr arrested 1806, then flee to Europe Precarious Neutrality 1804- Jefferson win 102-14 electoral votes and Napoleon renew war w/ GB Battle of Trafalger (GB navy) and Austerlitz (FR land)- indirect blows Orders of Council 1806- GB close all trade controlled by FR Must check w/GB 1st FR retaliate by seize all ships enter GB ports GB Impressment- illegally capture US sailors and force to conscript Chesapeake Affair- GB frigate overhaul US Demand US surrender- refuse to fight 3 killed and 18 wounded Hated Embargo Embargo At 1807- forbade all US exports Want avoid war and punish FR and GB for mistreatments Problems: US depend more on Europe than vice versa US weak navy and army US economy suffer Closing ports Commerce harm US more than Europe Farmers- lot of useless leftovers Rise illegal trade 1805 Non-Intercourse Act 1809- replace w/Embargo Trade w/ every nation except GB and FR Economic coercion 1809-12 until war Reasons for Failure Jefferson underestimate GB dependence on US Not enforce law long or hard enough Pro: promote industrialism=open new industries Madison?s Gamble Madison president- 3/4/09- not have strong control over Congress 1810- Macon?s Bill No.2- open US trade to world Open to FR and GB if drop commercial restrictions Napoleon 1810- lie that FR lift and Madison trusts US give 3 mnth for GB to lift restrictions- don?t US force reestablish embargo w/ GB (not neutral) Tecumseh and The Prophet 1811- younger (war hawks) replace older submission members Want war w/ GB and wipe out Indian threat Tecumseh and Tenskwatwa (Prophet)- form confederacy of tribes E of Misp Agree not cede land unless all tribes agree Battle of Tippecanoe- William Henry Harrison kill Prophet and burn camp Battle of Thames- Tecumseh killed and end of confederacy (1813) Mr. Madison?s War Reasons for entering War 1812 Need fight to prove republic strong Freedom of seas Possibility of land (Canada or FL) North against war, W and E for war (not united)