Chapters 1-3 Study Guide

StudyBlue printing of Chapters 1-3 Study Guide html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Important Concepts Chapter 1 What distinguishes the methods of science from other human activities. Stars have a life cycle-they form, evolve over millions and billions of years, and die Geography of the Universe: Solar System (planets, moons, asteroids, comets), Milky Way (our galaxy), galaxies (a group of stars) How astronomers measure the positions and sizes of celestial objects (angular measure, angles, angular distance, angular size) How to express very large or very small numbers in convenient notation (scientific notation) Sizes of celestial objects. Angle versus true size. Scientific method: Hypothesis Tests/Predictions/Models Theory parsec= a unit of length/distance 1 kiloparsec= 10 3 pc 1 megaparsec= 10 6 pc Chapter 2 Earth rotates from east to west everyday; because of this, stars appear to rise in the east and set in the west, as do the Sun and Moon. The importance of astronomy in ancient civilizations throughout the world. Ex: Machu Pichu Regions of the sky are divided around groups of stars called constellations. The motion of the stars on a given night. (diurnal motion- the daily motion of the stars) How the sky changes over the course of the year. The Earth rotates once a day around an axis from the north pole to the south pole; the Earth revolves once a year around the Sun. What causes the seasons = the tilt of the Earth The motion of the sun on a given day. How the sun's motion changes over the course of the year. Precession: the change of earth's axis of rotation over time. As Earth orbits around the Sun, the nighttime side of Earth gradually turns toward different parts of the sky. Hence, the stars that you see in the night sky are different at different times of the year. Chapter 3 Lunar Phases: The phases of the Moon occur because it is possible to see only part of the illuminated side of the Moon depending on its position in its orbit. Length of the Month: The length of a month is based on the moon making roughly one orbit around the earth. (sidereal month) The Moon's Orbit: The plane of the Moon's orbit is tilted from the plane of the Earth's orbit, or ecliptic. Conditions for Eclipses: During a lunar eclipse, the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow. During a solar eclipse, the Earth passes through the Moon's shadow. The same side of the moon always faces the Earth. Why not all eclipses are total eclipses (prenumbra, umbra) Lunar eclipse=full moon Solar eclipse=only happens during a new moon