chapters 10, 11, 12

Psychology 1 with 14 at Alamance Community College

About this deck

By: Kyle Strout
Created: 2011-04-06
Size: 104 flashcards
Views: 1

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social psychology

the way we react to either the real or imagined influence of others

attitude

evaluated belief held about anything. get them from operant conditioning, classical condition, social learning, and from parents.

cognitive consistency

the idea that we strive for consistent attitudes and/or consistent attitudes and behaviors. often doesnt happen

dissonance

difference, mental feeling of discomfort

dissonance theory

leon festinger. when we have two thoughts that aren't consistant (dont match) this creates a feeling of mental discomfort and we take steps to lower that feeling.

how to eliminate dissonance

change behavior, change thoughts, introduce new thoughts.

persuasion

attempt to change an attitude

central route to persuasion

rather than evaluate the persuasive attempt, we are persuaded by something superficial.

central route to persuasion

carefully and critically evaluate the logic of a persuasive attempt

communicator variables

is the persuader attractive, credible, etc

message variables

can i tell im tryingto be peruaded? do they adress the pros and cons?

audience variables

who is the intended target? lower IQ people are persuaded more easily

impression formation

how we understand and make judgements of others. leads to being able to predict how others will act.

attribution

when we observe the actions of others we try to assign a cause for it.

trait attribution

traits/personality are the causes of peoples behavior

situational attribution

cause of the behavior is external to the person like envirnment

cognitive misers

if we dont have to think about it we wont

fundamental attribution error

when explaining our own behaviors we emphasize situational factors and when explaining other people's behavior we emphasize trait factors

self serving bias

we make attributions to preserve our self esteem. trait attributes for success and situational attributions for failure

prejudice

prejudging. often a negative stereotype gets applied to an entire group

discrimination

prejudice + action. affects people treat each other

in group bias- us vs them

out groups inferior. we try to be in the in group

sherif's robbers cave experiment

boys summer camp, split the groups up and made them play competitive games and eventually the groups hated each other but then made them work together and it went away

super ordinate goals

goals that require cooperation. if cooperation doesnt happen both sides lose

attraction

what makes us feel good about another, we generally like people who give us positivity

proximity

geographic location to one another. major influence on attraction

mere exposure effect

the more we contact something the ore we may like it

similarity

in relationships or friendships we are attracted to people who are like us

physical attractiveness

first noticed thing about someone.

matching hypothesis

attracted to ppl like us

halo effect

tendency to attribute desirable qualities to an attractive individual

norm

unwritten rules as to how group members must behave

cohesiveness

degree to which a group member values group membership

conformity

behaving in accordance with group norms

normative conformity

when a person changes behavior to go with a group norm but not changing your attitude

informational conformity

change behavior in a group because an attitude change has occurred

groupthink

strictly sticking to the decisions of a group. once a decision is made members blindly agree

obedience

yielding to a demand, generally of an authority figure

complience

yielding to simple request

foot in the door

small request is followed by a second larger request which people often say yes to to be consistant

door in the face

an initial large request is made and usually refused then a smaller request is made which is usually granted

milgrim experiment

the shocking one. people listened because he was an authority figure and stuff

health psychology

investigates a relationship between peoples behavior and their health

stress

an event or environmental stimulus that you respond to because it is perceived as a threat or a challenge

distress

bad stress of life

Eustress

good stress of life. stress as a motivator

3 parts of the stress experience

1. we encounter something threatening
2. body will react physiologically
3. perception and reaction leads to coping with stressors

4 types of stressors

major life events, catastrophes, daily hassles, conflicts

Holmes and Rahe SRRS

rating scale made in 1967. studied life events and peoples perceptions of such

life event

change in ones life, positive or negative, that requires adjustment.

immunosupression

immune system doesnt work as well when stressed

catastrophes

unexpected events that are perceived by almost all people as threats. floods wars etc

daily hassles

daily annoyances and irritants add up

conflicts

having to choose between two or more needs or demands.

approach-approach conflict

choose between two thngs you like. a win win situation

avoidance-avoidance conflict

choosing between two things you dont like. can lead to indecision and stress

approach-avoidance conflict

a need or desire that has both positive and negative consequences m

multiple conflicts

a situation that has multiple alternatives all with positive and negative consequences

primary appraisal

our initial interpretation of an event either as irrelevant, positive, or stressful

situations

can be seen as a threat, harm, or hallenge

threat

troublesome for the future

harm

personal injury is possible

challenge

potential for personal gain

selye's general adaptation syndrome

reliable general pattern of bodily responses to stress

alarm reaction stage

if we percieve stress both the nervous system and endocrine system kick in. adrenaline, sugar, and endorphines are released

stage of resistance

the body starts to run out of fuel

exhaustion

if stressor is still around body gets to a point of collapse and the immune system is compromised

coping

various strategies used to manage stressors

problem focused coping

person tries to change the environment that is causing stress. makes people feel in control

emotional focused coping

control emotions and reactions to stress

defense mechanisms

studied by Freud. used to reduce anxiety but the problem is they dont make the problem go away

type A personality

agressive, competitive, hostile, angry

Hostile attribution bias

assuming bad intentions of everyone else

Type B personality

easy going, laid back, calm

learned helplessness

passive response to stressors. person expects failure, sense of having no control of the self. develops from exposure to previous uncontrollable negative events

Hardy personality

a personality high in the traits of commitment control and challenge

personality

unique collection of attitudes, emotions, habits and behaviors that define how a person behaves across situations

psychoanalytical approach

developed by Freud. said personality came from conflicting drives

neurotics

people suffering from mental illness

levels of awareness

3 levels

conscious level

thoughts we are aware of.

pre conscious level

"holding tank" thoughts that could be thought about if needed

unconscious level

the true motivator of behavior. whats here is inaccesible b/c of how bad the thoughts and motivators are.

structure of personality

3 parts

present at birth, seeks pleasure and gratification

superego

moral conscious, deals in absolute right and wrong

ego

mediator between the Id and Superego. When the Id overpowers the superego people feel anxious

reality principles

finding socially okay ways to express ID desires

the trait approach

focuses on traits which are inborn and biological aspects of personality.

Allports theory

wanted to explain behavior through traits

central traits

ways of behaving generally

secondary traits

ways of behaving that are situation specific

PEN model

came up with by Hans Eysenk. says we have different levels of certain things

five factor trait theory

personality comes from how people differ in 5 core dimensions. OCEAN

OCEAN

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neurotcism.

the humanistic approach to personality

comes from carl rogers. says personality is the result of the person, personal choice, and free will. a person is driven to activate their full potential

Carl Rogers

studied how a person views themselves- self concep

organismic valuing process

self enhancing things are liked

conditional positive regard

accepting a person under only certain terms

unconditional positive regard

accept a person no matter what. helps build self worth

personality inventories

list of questions, self report.

MMPI

personal inventory. 10 groups of 567 questions. looks for similarities between the test taker and those with mental disorders

projected tests

a person shown a visual stimulus

About this deck

By: Kyle Strout
Created: 2011-04-06
Size: 104 flashcards
Views: 1

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis