Chapters 45, 48-50
Biology 240w with Warren at Pennsylvania State University - All Campuses
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All of the following are steroid hormones except:
Androgen, Cortisol, Estrogen, Insulin or Testosterone.
Insulin
This is secreted by the pancreas.
Glucagon
This stimulates and maintains metabolic processes.
Thyroxine
This stimulates the contraction of uterine muscle
Oxytocin
This is secreted by the anterior pituitary
Growth hormone
Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in
association with a cell's plasma membrane
The general functions of the nervous system includes
integration, motor output and sensory input
The blood-brain barrier
tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS
The sodium-potassium pump of neurons pumps
sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell
which of the following is a true statement about the threshold potential of a membrane?
>it is equal to about 35mV
>it is equal to about 70mV
>it opens voltage-sensitive gates that result in the rapid outflow of sodium ions
>it is the depolarization that is needed to generate an action potential
>it is a graded potential that is proportional to the strength of a stimulus.
it opens voltage-sensitive gates that result in the rapid outflow of sodium ions
Saltatory conduction is a term applied to conduction of impulses
along myelinated nerve fibers
describe the neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic gap.
Neural impulses cause the release of chemicals that diffuse across the gap
during an IPSP, the membrane of the postsynaptic cell becomes more permeable to
Potassium ion
What is the sequence for transmission at a chemical synapse?
1. Action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal membrane.
2. Calcium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm.
3. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
4. Neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane.
5. Ligand-gated ion channels open.
What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain?
GABA
Which part of the vertebrate nervous system is most involved in preparation for the fight-or-flight response?
Sympathetic
What do Wernicke's and Broca's regions of the brain affect?
Speech
The telencephalon region of the brain
gives rise to the cerebrum
sensory receptors have all of the following functions in common except:
>increased permeability to sodium and potassium ions
>conversion of stimulus energy to membrane potential
>strengthening of stimulus energy sent to the nervous system
>processing information through graded potentials
>conduction of impulses to the central nervous system.
increased permeability to sodium and potassium ions
what is the sequence of events that would lead to a person hearing a sound?
1. transduction, 2. amplification, 3. transmission, 4. integration
immediately after putting on a shirt, your skins feels itchy. however, the itching stops after a few minutes and you are unaware that you are wearing a shirt. Why?
Sensory adaptation has occurred.
Which of the following receptors is i transduces ncorrectly paired with the type of energy it?
>mechanoreceptors-sound
>electromagnetic receptors-magnetism
>chemoreceptors-solute concentrations
>thermoreceptors-heat
>pain receptors-electricity
pain receptors-electricity
What portion of the brain has neurons that receive action potentials from chemoreceptor cells in the nose?
Olfactory bulb
In the human retina...
cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot
the axons of rods and cones synapse with
bipolar cells
What is the last structure that sensory information would encounter during visual processing?
primary visual cortex
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