Chapters 5 & 6
Psychology 3371 with Apostal at University of Minnesota - Duluth
About this deck
By: Alex Heil
Created: 2011-10-27
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 3
Created: 2011-10-27
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 3
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Piaget
Cognitive development theorist that believed that children were active rather than passive in their thinking, that children's thinking showed a striking regularity and consistency, even though it was often incorrect, and that a clinical method, in which children were asked to explain answers rather than just answer, was a valuable tool
Constructivist View
The few that people construct their own knowledge and understanding of the world using what they already know and understand to interpret new material
Scheme
An organized pattern of physical or mental action
Organization
the tendency to form increasingly coherent and integrated structures
Adaptation
refers to every species' tendency to make modifications in order to survive and succeed in one's environment
Assimilation
the process of bringing new objects or information into a scheme that already exists
Accommodation
The process of modifying old schemes or creating new ones to better fit assimilated information
Equilibriums
the dynamic process of moving between states of cognitive disequilibrium and equilibrium
Cognitive Disequilibrium
Technical term for psychological confusion
Reflective Abstraction
The process of noticing and thinking about the implications of information and experiences
Sensorimotor Thought
Thought that is based only on sensory input and physical (motor) actions
Symbolic (Representational) thought
the ability to form symbols (mental representations) that stand for objects or events in the world
- young infants cannot form symbols and are therfore stuck in the here-and-now would of their immediate sensory and motor actions
Object Permanence
The fact that objects, events, and people continue to exist even when they are out of a child's direct line of sensory input or motor action
Preoperational Thought
thought characterized by the use of mental representations (symbols) and intuitive thought
-based only on personal experience
Intuitive Thought
Thought and logic that is based on the child's personal experience rather than on a formal system of rules
Animism
the idea that inanimate objects have conscious life and feelings
Artificialism
the notion that natural events or objects are under the control of people or supernatural agents
Conservation
The understanding that some basic properties of objects remain the same even when a transformation changes the physical appearance
Operations
Mental schemes (actions) that are reversible
Concrete Operational Thought
stage of cognitive development in which children are able to think about two or more dimensions of a problem, dynamic transformations, and reversible operations
Formal Operational Thoughts
Piaget's final stage of cognitive development when and adolescent gradually learns to hypothetico-deductive and existential logical thinking to concepts that are abstract
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
the ability to use deductive reasoning to systematically manipulate several variables, test the effects in a systematic way, and reach correct conclusions in complex problems; scientific reasoning
Abstract Thought
thought about things that are only possibilities
Combinational Logic
The ability to generate and systematically consider all possible combinations of a set of elements
Adolescent Egocentrism
A cognitive immaturity seen in adolescents- their inability to distinguish between their own abstract reasoning and thoughts and those of others
Social Speech
Speech that we hear as people talk around or to us
Private Speech
Speech that children say aloud t themselves; later internalized to from inner speech and mental activity
Internalization
the process of taking external speech and activity and making it internal and mental
Mediation
The process adults and more skilled peers use to introduce concepts and cognitive structures to less skilled children
Zone of Proximal Development
The distance between the current maximum independent performance level of a child and the tasks the child can perform if guided by adults or more capable peers
Scaffolding
Support given to a child as he or she develops a new mental function or learns to perform a particular task
Collaborative Learning
Cognitive development is driven by social interaction and the a more capable peer can be an effective mediator
Situated Cognition
the idea tha twe cannot fully understand children's thinking and cognition without considering the context within which it occurs
Guided Participation
the idea that children are involved in sociocultural activities to the degree that their level of cognitive development allows
Information-processing approach
A theoretical approach focused on how children perceive, store, and retrieve information, and on the strategies they use to solve problems
Processing Capacity
the amount of information that a person can remember or think about at one time
Processing Efficiency
the speed and accuracy with which a persona can process information
Automaticity
The ability to carry out a process with little or no conscious effort, making more cognitive capacity to carry out other tasks
Attention
the ability to focus on a particular stimulus without becoming distracted
ADHD
A condition involving inability to sustain attention, excessive activity, and deficiencies in impulse control that are unusual for the childs developmental level
Stores Model of Memory
A model of human memory that views information as moving through a series of storage locations, from the sensory stores to short-term store to long-term memory
Network Models
Models of human memory that view memory as an interconnected network of concept nodes connected by thinks of varying strength
Working Memory
The information currently active in your memory systems and currently available for use in a mental task
Long-Term Memory
Memory of knowledge or events that is permanent
Reconstructive Memory
A characteristic pattern in human memory where we store parts of events and knowledge; during recall we retrieve the stored pieces and draw inferences on the rest.
Example: Recalling the scenes of a car crash
Infantile Amnesia
The inability to recall things and events that occur before the age of 3 and 4
Autobiographical Memories
Memories of events of great personal importance. Often vivid and detailed.
Knowledge Base
The information a person knows about a particular topic
Strategies
Conscious, intentional, and controllable plans used to improve performance
Metacogniton
The understanding or knowledge that people have about their own thought processing and memory
Metamemory
Knowledge about the processes and contents of memory
Theory of Mind
An integrated understanding of what the mind is, how it works, and why it works that way
Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
A group of serious developmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication
About this deck
By: Alex Heil
Created: 2011-10-27
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 3
Created: 2011-10-27
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 3
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy