Chemistry Chap. 1-3
Chemistry 30a with Nguyen at Foothill Community College
About this deck
By: Evelyn Barrera
Textbook:
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (6th Edition)
Created: 2011-05-01
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 25
Textbook:
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (6th Edition)Created: 2011-05-01
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 25
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Matter
*anything that has mass and occupies space
*everything is made up of matter
*chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
*matter is either a pure substance or a mixture of pure substances
States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
*Solids have a fixed volume and shape; they are incomprehensible
*Liquids have a fixed volume but not shape; incomprehensible
*Gasses are known as vapor and have no fixed volume or shape. Gasses can be compressed and expanded.
Pure Substance
matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties: can be element or a compound
Elements
substances that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods. They are the building blocks of all matter.
*atom: is the smallest piece of an element that can exist and still retain the properties of that element. Composed of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)
Compounds
pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Broken down into the elements that make them up.
(Molecular compounds, Ionic Compounds)
Molecular Compounds
composed of molecules which are small uncharged units, typically composed of nonmetals only. Water (H2O) is a molecular compound.
Ionic Compounds
composed of positively and negatively charged particles called ions, typically formed from metals/nonmetals. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound
Ions
formed when an atom loses or gains an electron thus does not have an equal # of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.
Ions w/negative charge are called anions
Ions w/positive charge are called cations
Mixture
is matter that contains 2 or more substances. (either element and/or compounds) mixed together. Can be homogenous or heterogenous.
Homogenous and Heterogenous
*homogenous: uniform throughout (same phase and composition) with same properties throughout
*heterogenous: not uniform throughout (may contain different phases) and will have varying composition
Chemical Change/ Physical Change
*Chemical: does not alter the chemical identity of the substance undergoing the change
*Physical: substances changed into a different chemical substance (or substances); occurs through chem. reaction.
(chem. changes are shown through chem. reactions)
Subatomic Particles: Atomic number
The number of protons given in the periodic table which is fundamental to the identity of the element.
Subatomic Particles: Electrons
are equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom and can be changed or lost w/o changing the identity of the atom. Metals commonly lose to become cations, nonmetals commonly gain to become anions.
Subatomic Particles: Isotopes, Mass Number
*Isotope: 2 atoms w/same # of protons but diff. # of neutrons.
*Mass #: sum of protons and neutrons in an atom. (# of neutrons can be found by subtracting the atomic # from the mass #)
Allotropes
Different chemical forms of the same element in the same state. May appear different in appearance.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons. They behave the same chemically and physically but have different weights.
Atomic Structure (electrons)
Electrons are not perfectly free to move about outside of an atoms nucleus. Electrons are restricted to a certain region of space w/in an atom called orbitals which can only hose 2 electrons.
Atomic Structure (structure) cont.
*electrons occupy energy levels (1,2,3...)
*w/in each energy levels there are sublevels available (s, p, d and f)
*w/in an s sublevel there is an orbital that contains 2 electrons max
*w/in a p sublevel there are three sublevels containing 2 electrons each
About this deck
By: Evelyn Barrera
Textbook: Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (6th Edition)
Created: 2011-05-01
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 25
Textbook:
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (6th Edition)Created: 2011-05-01
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 25
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj