China

Political Science 106 with Herrera at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: Anna Petelinsek
Textbook:

Cases in Comparative Politics (Third Edition)

Essential Readings in Comparative Politics (Third Edition)

Essentials of Comparative Politics (Third Edition)
Created: 2011-04-12
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 94

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Dynastic Rule

Ancient period 220 B.C. to 221 B.C.

Qin Dynasty

Imperial Period 221 B.C.
-Unification of empire
-standardization, great wall

Han Dynasty

Imperial Period
-technological development and foreign exploration
-Confucianism
-bureaucracy

Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
-Stagnation 1400
-Isolation by mid-1400s

First Opium War 1839-42

-losses to foreign powers (Hong Kong to British)
-domestic instability
1911 overthrow of Qing Dynasty (end of Imperial Rule)

Republic Parties (two) 1911-1949

-nationalist party (Kumin tang, or KMT)
-Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

May 4th Movement

In 1919 student demonstrations protested the impact that China had on treaty of Versailles and the Shangdon problem

The Long March 1934

To pursue the KMT party as its leaders gain support of the country

Japanese Invasion

1937 WWII Japan invades and defeats China's capital, Beijing

Communism under Mao 1949

PRC and CCP starts with reservoir (legitimacy) of public
Mao's ideal rooted in both Marxism and Confucianism

1949-1957 Establishing Communism

Centrally planned economy

nationalization of industry
collectivization of agriculture

repression of those hostile to the revolution

land owners; KMT members and sympathizers

"Reds vs. experts" debate

ideology vs. science and economic growth

Hundred Flowers Campaign

1956 Stalin no longer in power
Liberalization in China
-promoting science and education, promoting a socialist culture in China

Sino-Soviet Split

1950s
alliance breaks down

Mao accuses Soviet's of "revisionism," upholds China as vanguard of world revolution
all Soviet advisers leave

border clashes with USSR in 1969
tensions decline after 1976 (death of Mao)

Great Leap Forward 1958-1960

~Great leap backwards
Communes

self-sufficient social and economic units
break w central planning
closer to communism (limited State role)

major economic humanitarian disaster

production falls (poor designed agriculture plots)
FAMINE

-Mao briefly sidelined

Cultural Revolution 1966-1976

Return to Ideology
-Mao called on young people "Red Guards" to challenge authority
Cult of Personality
-Mao became everywhere (Posters, etc.)
Outcome: ANARCHY
-authority collapses: army eventually restores order

Deng Xiaoping

economic development over ideology
1992 Southern tour "Socialist Market Economy"
"Poverty isn't socialism, to be rich is to be glorious"
"Let some people get rich first"
ACHIEVEMENTS:
strong economy
domestic stability
inc. international relations

Deng Xiaoping economic reforms

privatization (return control back to individuals)
liberalization of prices
decentralization and regional experimentation

special economic zones

attraction of foreign direct investment

property rights

Chinese Communist Party

7% of population are party members
Mao brought in peasants (force for revolutionary communist gain)
premier Jiang Zemin added private entrepreneurs (co-optation)
Strength today: In transition but strong

Governance Institutions

Party
-Hu Jintao general secretary
-central committee
-politburo
-politburo standing committee

PARTY is head of Government

lower offices select higher people in office (but higher ppl in office select trusty members in their office)
Hu Jintao most powerful

Bureaucracy/ civil service

party organs: "secretariat" and "party departments"
state organs: "state council general office" and "Bureaucratic ministries"

People's Liberation Army

world's largest military
budget of 50 bil. (10 times smaller than U.S.)
political control through central military

nominal constitution

fundamental law of the state
real power rests with the party
islands of rule-based order, especially in economic areas (prop. rights)

Democratization Attempts today

Democracy wall movement: people put up complaints on the wall to
Student demonstrations
Tienanmen Square demonstrations

student demonstrations were dispersed using tanks
not discussed in china

Trend in economic development

low 1960s
growth 1995-2009
second largest GDP in the world
-slow rise after the imperial era
-poverty reduction

Economic Challenges in China today

Costal vs inland areas (west poor compared to east)
urban vs. rural difference (wealthy urban ppl compared to extremely poor in rural)
migrant laborers "floating population"
protests by peasants and workers protests
environment degradation SMOG

What is Chinese Nationalism

both constructed and "real"
a basis for collective action
-can be positive or negative force
new tool for state/party legitimacy

Positive collective action

help ppl and earthquake in Japan
Olympics, shared sacrifice

Negative collective action

Xenophobia-hatred or fear of foreigners
selective memory (China choosing to recall only the moments where their party looks good)

Tibet

SW corner
Autonomous region of China
disputed Sovereignty
strategic value to china --> full independence unlikely

Economic Development vs. Cultural Threats
-1939 big revolution against china
-China built railway into tibet for easy access

One Child Policy

Restricts urban married families to only have one child
Consequences: families want male children
-shortage of women; less young people and less people to take care of the elderly

Tianammen Square

On the afternoon of June 4 over 3,000 students gathered together in front of Tianammen and held a demonstration. Demonstrations insisted on resignation three Chinese government officials. Students were arrested and severely assaulted.