"Classic Labs/Findings" from First Aid

School Of Medicine 30777 with Dr.perera at University of Chicago

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By: Alan Schurle
Created: 2012-03-26
Size: 96 flashcards
Views: 128

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Scleroderma (CREST)

Anticentromere antibodies

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

Antihistone antibodies

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

Anti-IgG antibodies

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith, anti-dsDNA)

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Antiplatelet antibodies

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)

Anti-transglutaminase (TTG), anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial antibodies; if genetic screening, look for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray

Auer rods (AML, esp promyelocytic (M3) type)

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Bacitracin response

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)

"Bamboo spine" on x-ray

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Bloody tap on LP (xanthochromia = blood in CSF)

Tetralogy of Fallot, Right Ventricle Hypertrophy (RVH)

"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray

Actinomyces israelii

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:

1. Hyperparathyroidism

2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica

"Brown" tumor of bone

Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

"Chocolate cyst" of ovary

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation to the CFTR (ΔF508) resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Down (21)/Edwards' (18) syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Parkinson's diseas (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cell

Lewy body (Parkinson's, Dementia w/ Lewy Bodies (DLB))

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)

Extracellular amyloid depositions in gray matter of brain

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

hCG elevated

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Heterophile antibodies (positive monospot test)

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

High levels of D-dimers

Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

Interstitial fibrosis

"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/serum

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

Increased uric acid levels

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray

Goodpasture's syndrome

Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritits (immune complex deposits of IgG and C3b)

"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Mutiple myeloma

Lytic ("punched-out") bone lesions on x-ray

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst

1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)

2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal sequence of aging)

3. Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia

4. Primary amyloidosis

Monoclonal antibody spike

Bence Jones proteins [multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda light chains in urine)], Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Monoclonal globulin spike in blood/urine

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

"String sign" (Crohn's disease)

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Resistant: Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

Novobiocin response

Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Podocyte fusion on EM

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

Glioblastoma multiforme

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Acute glomerulonephritis

RBC casts in urine

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

Coarctation of the aorta

Rib notching

Toxoplasma gondii

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)

Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

Stacks of RBCs

"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (on EM) in Langerhans cells

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Epiglottis (Haemophilus influenzae)

"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

"Tram-track" appearance on LM

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)

WBCs that look "smudged"

Lupus nephropathy

"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM

Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Yellow CSF

About this deck

By: Alan Schurle
Created: 2012-03-26
Size: 96 flashcards
Views: 128

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy