Classical Conditioning

Intro To Pysc with Blanch at Choate Rosemary Hall

About this deck

By: Gracie Tenn
Created: 2011-02-15
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 49

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classical conditioning

type of learning where a stimulus gains the power to cause a response

stimulus

anything in the environment that one can respond to

Response

behavior or action

unconditioned stimulus

stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically

conditioned stimulus

previously neutral stimulus that, through learning gains the power to cause a response

conditioned response

response to the conditioned stimulus

acquisition

process of developing a learned response

extinction

diminishing of a learned response

spontaneous recovery

return of an extinguished classically conditioned response after a rest period

Ivan Pavlov

pioneered studies of the digestive system that led to decades of research to identify the principles of classical conditioning

Generalization

producing the same response to two similar stimuli

discrimination

producing different responses to two stimuli

behaviorism

view that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes

John Watson 1878-

founder of behaviorism

Rosalie Rayner

student of Watson's, co-researcher for the famous Little Albert demonstration of classically conditioned emotion.

cognition

mental process

Robert Rescoria

developed a theory that emphasized the importance of cognitive process in classical conditioning

John Garcia

phenomenon of taste aversion-established classical conditioning was influenced by biological predispositions

Operant Conditioning

type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows the behavior

Edward Thorndike

author of the law of effect, which forms the basis of operant conditioning

B.F. skinner

developed fundamentals/principles of operant conditioning and devised ways to apply them in the real world

reinforcement

any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior

punishment

any consequence that decreases the future likelihood of a behavior

positive reinforcement

anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a desirable event or state

negative reinforcement

anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the removal of an undesirable event or state

primary reinforcement

something naturally reinforcing, such as food if you were hungry

something you need

secondary reinforcement

something you have learned to value, ex: money

something you want

shaping

reinforcement of behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired one, the operant technique used to establish new behaviors

discrimination

ability to distinguish between to similar signals or stimuli

extinction

the loss of behavior in operant conditioning when no consequence follows it

continuous reinforcement

in operant conditioning, a schedule for reinforcement in which a reward follows every correct response

partial reinforcement schedule

in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement in which a reward follows only some correct responses

fixed-interval schedule

in operant conditioning, a partial reinforcement schedule that rewards only the first correct response after some defined period

variable-interval schedule

in operant conditioning a partial reinforcement schedule that rewards a response only after some defined number of correct responses

fixed-ratio schedule

in operant conditioning, a partial reinforcement schedule that rewards a response only after some defined number of correct responses

variable-ratio schedule

in operant conditioning a partial reinforcement schedule that rewards an unpredictable number of correct responses

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until the learned has an incentive to demonstrate it

cognitive map

mental representation of a place

over-justification effect

effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do, the reward may lessen and replace the person's original, natural motivation so that the behavior stops if the reward is eliminated

observational learning

self explanatory

model

person observed in observational learning

modeling

process of observing and initiating a specific behavior

albert bandura

important in the study of observational learning and several other important topics

vicarious learning

learning by seeing the consequences of another persons behavior

mirror neurons

brain cells located in the front of the brain that activate when performing certain actions or when watching others perform the actions

antisocial behavior

negative destructive, unhelpful behavior

prosocial behavior

positive constructive helpful behavior

About this deck

By: Gracie Tenn
Created: 2011-02-15
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 49

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj