Clinical Dental Hygiene
Dental Hygiene Board with Board at Pensacola State College
About this deck
By: Samantha McIntosh
Created: 2011-02-05
Size: 142 flashcards
Views: 404
Created: 2011-02-05
Size: 142 flashcards
Views: 404
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Sharps, items that drip blood and or saliva, and hard and soft tissues removed from the patient are all examples of
BIOHAZARD waste
invisible airborne particles that remain in the air for a while?
Aerosol (ultrasonics)
Visible airborne particles of blood and or aliva; drop quickly to the floor, countertops, etc?
Spatter
What level of surface disinfectant is used in dental offices
Intermediate
Kills ALL pathogenic microbes, including spores
Sterilization
Kills MOST pathogenic microbes, not spores
Disinfection
What are the three methods of sterilization
1. Chemical
2. Dry
3. Steam
What are the conditions for Chemical sterilization (time, degree, psi)
20 min @ 270*F
20-40 psi
What are the conditions for Dry sterilization (time, degree, psi)
1 hour @ 320-375*F
What are the conditions for Steam sterilization (time,degree, psi)
30 min @ 250*F/121*C
15-30 psi
What is the spore test for Chemical and Steam sterilization
Geobacillus (Stearothermophilus)
Recommended sterilization for metal instruments
Dry sterilizaion
Plastic/paper pouches are placed in autoclave with which side up?
Paper side up
Indicator tape that has turned brown indicates that instruments have been
heat processed, NOT that they have been sterilized
What indicates that instruments have been sterilized properly
Biological indicators (spore tests)
Sterilization method recommended for rubber and plastic items?
Steam sterilization
Spore test used in Dry sterilization
Bacillus atrophaeus
When venricles CONTRACT to send blood into circulation
Systolic (top number)
When ventricles RELAX to fill with blood returned by circulation
Diastolic (bottom number)
The blood pressure cuff is placed over which artery?
Brachial
G.V. Black Class I
Pits and fissures on lingual surfaces of anterior and on occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
G.V. Black Class II
Proximal surface of posterior teeth; commonly involves occlusal surfaces.
G.V. Black Class III
Proximal surface of anterior teeth; does NOT involve the incisal edge
G.V. Black Class IV
Proximal surface of anterior teeth; involves the incisal edge
G.V. Black Class V
Cervical (gingival) 1/3 of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth (root caries)
G.V. Black Class VI
Incisal edge of anterior or cusp tips of posterior teeth
Class I Occlusion
Mesognathic
Class II Occlusion
Retrognathic
div. 1 = front teeth normal
div. 2 = front teeth lingually inclined
Class III Occlusion
Prognathic
Verticle overlap of the maxillary incisors to the mandibular incisors
Over bite
(hint: bite DOWN on an apple= VERTICLE)
Horizontal distance between the linguals of the maxillary anterior incisors and the facials of the mandibular anterior incisors
Overjet
(hint: Jets go away from you= HORIZONTAL)
First stage in biofilm formation
Acquired Pellicle
What are the stages of plaque biofilm
1. Acquired pellicle: Beginning of plaque fromation acellular and consists of glycoproteins
2. Bacterial adhesion
3. Bacterial colonization: Develops over time as plaque thickens and matures (a matrix forms)
The nutrient source for Supragingival biofilm/calculus
Saliva
The nutrient source for Subgingival biofilm/calculus
Crevicular fluid
Explorers used for posterior teeth
11/12
&
Pigtails
Explorers used for anteriors and cervical 1/3s of posterior teeth
Orban type
Removable type of stain
Extrinsic (exogenous)
Stain associated with gram + bacteria and usually found on cervical 1/3
Black Stain
Stain associated with inhaling metalic dust, usually copper
Bluish-green
Stain associated with poor oral hygiene and or drinking dark colored beverages
Brown
Stain associated with tobacco product use
Dark-brown and black
Stain associated with chromogenic bacteria in plaque associated with poor oral hygiene usually only on anteriors
Orange
Stain associated with chlorehexidine, use of stannous fluoride
yellow-brown, and brown
Stain that cannot be removed and occurs only during tooth development
Intrinsic stain
First sign of gingivitis
Bleeding upon probing
Furcation Classification I
early evidence of bone loss; instrument can enter the depression leading to the furcation
Furcation classification II
moderate bone loss; instrument can enter furcation, but cannot pass between the roots
Furcation classification III
Severe bone loss; instrument can pass between roots
Furcation classification IV
Severe bone loss; instrument can pass between roots (same as class III) but with evidence of recession
What probe is used for furcations
Nabers probe
(hint: my naber has a FURRY dog)
Which teeth have trifurcated roots?
Maxillary molars
2 bucals 1 lingul
Mobility : Slight horizontal mobility
Mobility 1
Mobility 2
Moderate horizontal mobility, greater than 1mm with no verticle displacement
Mobility 3
Severe mobility with possible combined horizontal and verticle movement
Most common acid formed in mouth that causes caries
Lactic acid (Usually within 60 sec)
Gram + , caries producing bacterias
1. Streptococcus mutants (Main one)
2. Lactobacilli Species
3. Actinomyces Species
Bacteria that produces higher amounts of lactic acid from sugars than other bacterial types
Streptococcus Mutants
If given a radiograph to look at and arrow is pointing to incipient caries which bacteria is present?
Streptococcus Mutants
Bacteria Active at pH of 5.0, found in larger numbers after cavitation has occured
Lactobacilli Species
If given a radiograph to look at and arrow is pointing to a bombed out tooth which bacteria is present?
Lactobacilli Species
Bacteria associated with root-surface caries
Actinomyces Species
True or False: Remineralized areas are likely to be stronger and more acid resistant than original enamel?
True
Fluorapatite has been formed
In HIGH concentrations , fluoride is __________(with regard to bacteria)
Bactericidal (destructive to bacteria)
In LOW concentrations, fluoride is ________(with regard to bacteria)
Bacteriostatic (Inhibits growth or multiplication of bacteria)
The ability to bind to pellicle and tooth surface and be released over a period of time with retention of potency
Substantivity
Pre-eruptive fluoride types
Systemic
Water
Supplement
Food
Pre-eruptive (Systemic) Fluoride that is not absorbed is excreted through
The kidneys
Most cost effective and efficient method of bringing the benefits of fluoride to a community
Water fluoridation
WARMER weather gets LOWER water fluoridation how much is optimal?
.7 ppm
COLDER weather gets HIGHER water fluoridation how much is optimal?
1.2 ppm
Which agency monitors the concentration level of fluoride in the community drinking water?
Environmental Protection agency
Which agency monitors the concentration level of fluoride in bottled water?
FDA
Fluorides used in fluoridated water
1. Sodium fluoride
2. Sodium Silicofluoride
3. Hydrofluorosilicic acid
Best Method of fluoridation for children living in non fluoridated water communities
Dietary fluoride supplements
Foods that contain large amounts of natural fluoride
Tea, Fish
Types of Post-eruptive (Topical) Fluoride
1. Sodium Fluoride
2. Sodium Fluoride varnish
3. Stannous Fluoride
4. Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride
Post eruptive (topical) fluoride that can be used with totth colored and porcelain restorations
Sodium Fluoride
(Hint: If shown a picture of PFM's this would be the fluoride to choose)
What application of Stannous Fluoride is most effective for individuals with rampant caries?
Tray method
4 minute for maximum efficacy
Post-eruptive (topical) fluoride recommended for bulimics
Sodium Fluoride
Post-eruptive (topical) fluoride that stains demineralized areas due to reaction of the fluoride tin ion in the compound
Stannous Fluoride
Post-eruptive (topical) fluoride that is contraindicated in the presence of tooth colored restorations and porcelain
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride
Acidulated Phosphate is at what concentration
1.23%
Children under which age should not use Fluoride rinses?
6 years old and younger
Amount of drug likely to cause death if not interceted by antidotal therapy
Certainly lethal dose (CLD)
One fourth (1/4) of Certainly lethal dose
Safely tolerated dose
Acute fluoride toxicity symptoms begin within ___and persist for as long as ____?
begin within 30 min of ingestion and persist for as long as 24 hours
if <5mg/kg of fluoride is ingested what should you do
Administer fluoride binding agent
>5 mg/kg of fluoride is ingested what should you do
(Toxic dose)
1. Induce vomiting (emesis)
2. Administer fluoride-binding agent
3. Seek medical treatment
>15 mg/kg
(Lethal dose)
1. Seek medical treatment
2. induce vomiting
3. Cardiac monitoring
Skeletal fluorosis results after long-term exposure of water with how much ppm fluoride
10-25 ppm fluoride
angle bristles 45* toward the apex at gingival 1/3, placing bristles into the sulcus
Bass Method
Angle bristles 45* toward the apex with 1/2 of bristles placed on tooth, the other half on the gingiva
Stillman
What is the best aid for open embrasure spaces, exposed furcations, to apply chemotherapeutic agents, and to clean around orthodontics.
Interdental brush
(inner wire should be plastic coated to avoid scratching cementum)
What is the best aid to use around exposed furcations, hard to access 3rd molars, orthodontic appliances, and irregular gingival margins of rotated anterior teeth
Tufted brush
What is the best aid to use around exposed furcations, shallow pockets, and around fixed prostheses
Toothpick
What is the best aid to use in interdental areas with exposed tooth surfaces (recession)
Wedge stimulator
(bulsa wood, moisten under tongue before use)
What is the best aid to use under pontic of bridge without a floss threader
Tufted floss
What is the best aid to use for loosely adherent plaque and flushes debris and food particles around orthodontic appliances
Oral irrigator
Toothpaste active ingrediant: Tartar control
Pyrophosphates
Toothpaste active ingrediant: antihypersensitivity
potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, sodium citrate
Toothpaste active ingrediant: antibacterial
Triclosan
Which handle decreases tactile sensitivity
Solid
Which handle is lighter in weight
Hollow
Joins the handle and working end
Shank
Best shank to use with detecting calculus
Flexible
Best shank to use with removing tenacious deposits
Rigid
instrument with triangular cross section, two cutting edges that meet at a point
Scalers
Face of blade is 90* to terminal shank, internal blade is 70* to 80*
Scalers
Half-moon cross section, two cutting edges with a rounded toe, one for the mesial surface, the other for the distal surface on the same tooth
Curets, Universal
Only one cutting edge per working end, face of blade is offset at 60*-70* to the terminal shank
Area specific curets (Graceys)
Ultrasonic Scalers work by which means
Cavitation
Two types of ultrasonic scalers
Magnetostrictive
Piezoelectric
Ultrasonic that uses stacks of metsl sheets to convert energy to handpiece,moves in elliptical or orbital stroke
magnetostrictive
Ultrasonic that uses ceramic discs to produce rapid linear mechanical vibrations
Piezoelectric
Operates by using compressed air to create vibrations from 2,500 to 8,000 cps
Sonic scaler
Nitrous oxide is in what color tank
Blue
Oxygen is in what color tank
Greeen
Qualities of an ideal disinfectant
1. Broad spectrum
2. Fast acting
3. Non-Toxic
4. Compatible with different types of surfaces
5. Easy to use
6. Residual effect (substantivity)
7. Odorless
The dissolution of the Calcium and Phosphate ions from the hydroxyapatite crystals
Demineralization
Acidogenic
Acid producing
Aciduric
Acid tolerant
Initial plaque is made up of what bacteria; which gram is it?
Streptococcus, Gram + that produce glucans
Established plaque is made up of what bacteria, which gram is it?
Gram - motile rods and spirochetes
Fluorosis is white spots that usually appear where?
Usually appears on incisal/occlusal third of tooth
Stain that usually appears as striated shades of yellow to brown to orange to gray; may fluoresce when placed uder certain light
Tetracycline
In order to achieve success you must first change the patients?
Behavior
ASA I
A normal, healthy patient; no apparent disease is evident; requires no dental management modifications
ASA classification: Well controlled NIDDM, asthma, epilepsy, Stage I hypertension, healthy pregnancy
ASA II: A patient with mild systemic disease
ASA Classification: Well controlled IDDM, stage II hypertension, CHF, AIDS, Chronic COPD
ASA III: A patient with moderate-to-severe systemic disease, but not incapacitating
ASA Classification: Severe CHF or COPD, kidney or liver failure
ASA IV: A patient with severe systemic disease that is incapacitiating and life threatening.
Normal breaths/minute for infants
30-60
Normal breaths/minute for children
14-26
Normal breaths/minute for adults
12-20
Normal pulse rate and palpation site for infants
100-160 beats/minute
Brachial artery
Normal pulse rate and palpation site for Children (1-10 yrs)
70-120 beats/minute
brachial or Carotid Artery
Normal pulse rate and palpation site for Adolescents(11yrs) -Adult
60-100 beats/minute
Radial
Normal pulse rate and palpation site for Well trained athletes
45-60 beats/minute
Radial artery
About this deck
By: Samantha McIntosh
Created: 2011-02-05
Size: 142 flashcards
Views: 404
Created: 2011-02-05
Size: 142 flashcards
Views: 404
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis