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- Communications 330
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- COMM330 Exam 1
COMM330 Exam 1
Communications 330 with Caplan at University of Delaware
About this deck
By: Lauren Wood
Created: 2010-10-06
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2010-10-06
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 27
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Relational Level of Communication
How I feel about you
The meaning between what they say
The meaning between what they say
Aristotle's Model of the Communication Process
Speaker --> Argument-->Speech-->Listener
Listener's feedback is missing in this model
Listener's feedback is missing in this model
Shannon and Weaver's Information Centered Model
Info Source-->Transmitter------>Channel-------->Reciever-->Destination
Message Noise Source Message
Message Noise Source Message
"Fields of Experience" Schramm's Model
Communication only happens if fields overlap
Source to Encoder =====Signal ===== Decoder to Destination
different cultures have trouble communicating if they have very different fields of experience
Source to Encoder =====Signal ===== Decoder to Destination
different cultures have trouble communicating if they have very different fields of experience
Physical Noise
i.e. hunger, tired, distance
Psychological Noise
i.e. voice in head, stress, daydreaming
Semantic Noise
The meaning of words create problems
i.e. God, betrayal
to reduce, give examples and repeat yourself
i.e. God, betrayal
to reduce, give examples and repeat yourself
Map
Meaning based descriptor
Territory
the reality, what actually is
Communication is a continuous process
Things change over time but it never begins or ends
Communication is a complex process
Involves creating meaning through relationships
Hidden agendas involved
Hidden agendas involved
Communication is a collaborative process
· We get the ‘map’ from someone else o What is ‘cool’ to you isn’t something you came up with o What is ‘cool’ is manufactured and sold to us · Is the origin of race, religion, stereotypes, etc. o ‘social construction of meaning
Communication enables us to construct worlds of meaning
· Also allows us to change worlds of meaning · Example: Swatstika now means white supremacy; used to mean good luck o Hitler took something positive and used his power to create a meaning entirely different
Code
A set of rules that must be unlocked to understand
Message
What the code carries
Channel
Means for the message to get carried
i.e. speech, picture
i.e. speech, picture
Encoding
Creating something that goes into code
Decoding
taking a code and turning it back to thought
Analogic Code
conveying meaning by something being similar to what it starts for
i.e. a smile
does not carry much detail because it is naturally coded for what it stands for
i.e. a smile
does not carry much detail because it is naturally coded for what it stands for
Digital Code
code used to convey meaning arbitrarily in a symbolic way
i.e. H-A-P-P-Y
i.e. H-A-P-P-Y
How are verbal codes self-reflexive?
You can talk about verbal codes through use of verbal codes
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language influences the way we percieve and remember and, generally, it predisposes us to look at the world in a certain way
Cultures that use different languages live in a perceptually different world
Cultures that use different languages live in a perceptually different world
Linguistic determinism
Language determines how we see the world
Linguistic relativity:
thought is relative to language; the way you think about the world depends on what language you were raised with
Ethnocentrism
to think your culture is superior to everybody elses
When we assume our way is the right way we put up a barrier
When we assume our way is the right way we put up a barrier
Prejudice
to prejudge someone according to a group they are in
Individualism
the individual is the most important part
We value the individual over the group
We value the individual over the group
Collectivism
the group is the most important part
Identifying with the group over the individual
Identifying with the group over the individual
High Context Culture
The meaning is not just in the words.
They consider those in low context to be attacking.
They consider those in low context to be attacking.
Low Context Culture
Saying it how it is
Proxemics
Use of distance or space
Environmental preference: strategic use of environment cues (i.e. prisons and schools)
Territoriality: markers
Personal space: the "bubble around us"
Environmental preference: strategic use of environment cues (i.e. prisons and schools)
Territoriality: markers
Personal space: the "bubble around us"
Intimate Distance
0-18"
Personal Distance
18"-4
Social Distance
4'-12
Public Distance
12'-25
Vocalics
what you do with your voice, not just your words
Tone and Volume
most people of authority= leader/more intense
Pitch
vary pitch to keep audience interested
low pitch = power
low pitch = power
accent
Identifies where they're from
influences our perception of people
i.e. British accent = smart
influences our perception of people
i.e. British accent = smart
Non fluencies or vocal segregates
Um, like, uhh
signals nervous, unprepared, unintelligent
forms impression of ones competence
signals nervous, unprepared, unintelligent
forms impression of ones competence
rate of speech
indicates level of anxiety/intensity
Kinesics
ways that the body moves to indicate
emblems
Unique/special because they have a direct verbal interpretation within a culture
i.e. middle finger
direct translations within culture
i.e. middle finger
direct translations within culture
illustrators
add something to the verbal message that is not in the words
i.e. pointing in the direction of something you're referring to
has no meaning without a verbal message
i.e. pointing in the direction of something you're referring to
has no meaning without a verbal message
Affect Displays
Things you do with your body to indicate emotion
i.e. biting nails
body signals are more naturally connected to your mind
i.e. biting nails
body signals are more naturally connected to your mind
Regulators
regulate the flow of interaction through nonverbals
way to indicate interest as well as disinterest
way to indicate interest as well as disinterest
Adaptors
manipulations of the body to indicate anxiety
nervous mannerisms
self adaptors: biting nails, twirling hair
object adaptors: biting pen, breaking chalk
nervous mannerisms
self adaptors: biting nails, twirling hair
object adaptors: biting pen, breaking chalk
Physical Expression
ways to make physical characteristics convey meaning
bodily characteristics
i.e. we respect taller people
bodily characteristics
i.e. we respect taller people
Gaze
strongest nonverbal cue we have
primal way to connect with someone else
Expressive Function:
primal way to connect with someone else
Expressive Function:
- eyes tell us how people are feeling
- dilated pupils=arousal
- can tell people when you want to talk or when they should stop
Facial Expression
6 universal facial signals
- joy, anger, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust
- contempt later added
Display Rules
culture says when it is ok to show facial expressions and who can show them
Touch
conveys relational messages
who is allowed to touch you where and how and when
who is allowed to touch you where and how and when
Functions of Nonverbal Messages
- conveys meaning --> tells you how I'm feeling
- modifies verbal message--> can contradict or intensify
- regulates flow of interaction
Characteristics of Nonverbals
- Involves an analogic code
- involves simultaneous transmission of messages
- compliment verbal messages
- often misinterpreted
- more likely to be believed
- more emotional
Concealing
Not showing you how I really feel
Falsifying
coming up with something that's not the truth
Leakage Cues
cues about emotion coming through the lie
i.e. holding back tears
mostly nonverbal behaviors, tone of voice, facial expressions
microexpression
i.e. holding back tears
mostly nonverbal behaviors, tone of voice, facial expressions
microexpression
Deception Clue
tells you someone is lying but doesn't tell the truth
gives us suspicion
gives us suspicion
Polygraph -- Good or Bad?
One of the worst ways to catch a liar
Signals how stressed you are, not if you're lying
Signals how stressed you are, not if you're lying
Bad Lies happen when...
You don't have time to prepare
Story changes and sucks
You're too smooth
Story changes and sucks
You're too smooth
Best way to catch a liar
find an inconsistency in their story
surprise them
surprise them
Lying About Emotions
Easier to catch a liar when emotions are aroused
Bring out fear of getting of getting caught
Bring out fear of getting of getting caught
Four Sources of Leakge
- Slip of the tongue
- Tirade
- Emblematic Slip
- Microexpression
Saras tits eat men
Slip of the Tongue
Accidentally saying something you didn't mean to say
Unconscious, unplanned verbal cues
Unconscious, unplanned verbal cues
Tirade
'flip out'
"Can't take it anymore!"
"Can't take it anymore!"
Emblematic Slip
relate to emblems
body signals everybody understands that you do unconsciously
i.e. crossing your arms and subconsciously giving the middle finger
very rare
body signals everybody understands that you do unconsciously
i.e. crossing your arms and subconsciously giving the middle finger
very rare
Microexpression
leakage cues that happen to fast its almost impossible to see them
Detection Apprehension
fear of being caught
Possible Reasons for Detection Apprehension
§ Target has repuation for being tough to fool § Target starts out being suspicious § Liar has little practice and no record of success § Liar is especially vulnerable to fear of being caught · Through guilt or stakes § Stakes are high § When punishment is at stake § The punishment for being caught lying is great § The target in no way benefits from the lie
Deception Guilt
feeling guilty about lying
Possible Reasons to Have Deception Guilt
§ Target is unwilling to be lied to § Deceit is totally selfish and target derives no benefit § The deceit is unauthorized § The liar and target share social values § The target is personally acquainted with the liar
Duping Delight
smirk one reveals when it seems they're getting away with it
Possible Reasons to have Duping Delight
§ Target poses a challenge § The lie itself is challenging § Others are watching and appreciate the lie
About this deck
By: Lauren Wood
Created: 2010-10-06
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2010-10-06
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy