coms 130 final

Communications 130 with Pennington at University of Kansas

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By: leah swartz
Created: 2011-05-18
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 44

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passivity syndrome

denying ones accountability as a listener and assuming that the burden of effective communication resides wholly with the speaker

stereotyping

making assumptions about someone based on such factors as race, gender, sex without considering the person's individuality

testimony

opinions, interpretations or judgments quoted from other people including personal testimony, lay testimony, and expert testimony.

narrative (as evidence)

an extended example that tells a story based either on true experiences or on symbolism perhaps in the form of proverbs
- use emotion and personal anecdotes to further prove a point

facts

data that can be verified by observation
-form of evidence

definition

meanings provided for words that are unfamiliar to the listener or technical in nature

manuscript

presenting a speech from a prepared text, often in ceremonial settings

memorized

a prepared speech presented from memory, without the assistance of speaking notes

impromptu

casual off the cuff speaking used when the speaker has little to no time to prepare

extemporaneous

the presentation of a thoroughly prepared speech using an abbreviated set of speaking notes often in the form of a key note outline

formal outline

outlines in which idea and their development are articulated completely and precisely usually using full sentences

keyword outline

an abbreviated outline that serves as a speakers notes during the delivery of the speech

narrative (as organization)

an indirect organic organizational pattern that often uses a coherent series of stories to convey the main idea of the speech

thesis statement

s single simple declarative sentence that expresses the main idea of the speech

transition statement

words, phrases, or sentences that help the audience perceive the relationship of ideas and the movement from one main idea to another

5 steps of listening

1. hearing
2. focusing
3. understanding
4. responding
5. remembering

types of informative speeches

1. demonstrative - show how something is done / works
2. description - provide the audience with a clear picture
3. explanation - help audience understand complicated conepts

parallelism

the use of a series of sentences with similar length and structure to signify the equality of ideas
i.e not only did he forget his books, not only did he miss the bus, not only did he get to class late, he missed the test completely.

metaphor

an implicit comparison in which two dissimilar objects are compared
i.e life is like a roller coaster

simile

a figurative comparison made explicit by using the word like or as
i.e the boy was as tall as a tree

antithesis

placing two images together that have very different meanings
i.e the definition of classics "examples of HOW to think, not WHAT to think"

rhetorical question

questions speakers ask not get to an answer but to engage the audiences curiosity
i.e why is smoking bad for you?

oxymoron

combination of contradictory expressions
i.e thunderous silence

irony

when a speaker implies a meaning that is different than what is stated

personification

giving human qualities to an inanimate object
i.e the white house says that bin laden is dead

alliteration

use of repetitive pattern of initial sounds that can hold the audience attention
i.e sally sells sea shells down by the sea shore

"strawman" fallacy

the fallacy that occurs when a speaker attributes a flimsy easy to refute argument to his opponent then proceeds to demolish it in the process misrepresenting the opponents real position
i.e trying to convince the class to go to a ku basketball game

ad hominem

attacking the person instead of the argument
i.e saying you're stupid instead of you're idea is not correct

ceremonial speeches

1. introduction
2. welcome/farewell address
3. presentation or acceptance speeches
4. commemoration
5. tributes
6. eulogies
7. inagural and key note
8. after dinner speech
9. sermons

affective language

strong provocative language that stirs up an audience's emotions

transactional model of communication

the process of constructing shared messages or understandings between two or more individuals

types of organization

1. sequential - speech progress with time
2. spatial - use space as your ordering principle
3. categorical - arragned by distinct topics
4. climactic - sequence that goes from simple to difficult
5. casual - cause to effect or effect to cause
6. problem solution - identify a problem then provide a solution
7. narrative - based off of a story

qualifier

words that indicate the level of confidence we have in our claims

warrant

general assumptions, rules, or principles that connect evidence to claims

claim

the debatable assertions put fourth by speakers

burden of proof

the standards or expectations that define a reasonable argument in a particular situation or the proof necessary to warrant serious debate or consideration over an advocates claims

demagogue

deceptive or manipulative speech
- appealing to "dark" emotion like fear and hatred

ethos

appeal to speakers credibility

pathos

appeal to emotion

logos

appeal to logic

what do you need to source in a speech?

1. authors name
2. date
3. source
4. credibility

what goes in an introduction

1. establish a common ground
2. maintain audience attention
3. stress relevance of the topic to the audience
4. establish credibility
5. state thesis
6. preview main points

why and when do you use visual aids?

-use them whenever is necessary
-use them to clarify, retention, emphasis

state anxiety

specific audience or location makes you nervous

trait anxiety

fear of speaking in general

how do you prepare yourself to speak

- know yourself and the topic
- know your audience
- know the situation/context of the message
- aim for audience response
- research
- construct reasonable argument
- speak directly to the audience

how can you identify audience attitudes

poll the audience beforehand
do research
interview someone
survey
observations

what is denotative meaning

literal definition

connotative meaning

evokes emotion

reflective framework for persuasive speaking

1. how shall we define and limit problem
2. what are the causes and extent of the problem
3. effects of the problem
4. criteria by which solutions can be solved

About this deck

By: leah swartz
Created: 2011-05-18
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 44

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj