concepts/terms
Communication Studies 04:189:102 with Gilbert at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: Valerie Champagne
Textbook:
Media and Culture 7e with 2011 Update: An Introduction to Mass Communication
Created: 2011-02-16
Size: 111 flashcards
Views: 105
Textbook:
Media and Culture 7e with 2011 Update: An Introduction to Mass CommunicationCreated: 2011-02-16
Size: 111 flashcards
Views: 105
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cash deals
the distributor offers a series for syndication to the higher bigger in a market – typically a station trying to fill a particular time slow. Bc of exclusive contractual arrangements, programs air on only one broadcast per city in a major T.V market.
Cash plus deals
distributors retain some time to sell national commercial spots for successful syndicated shows.
celluloid
a transparent and pliable film that can hold a coating of chemicals sensitive to light.
cinema verite
French term for truth film, a documentary style that records fragments of everyday life unobtrusively; it often features a rough, grainy look and shaky, handheld camera work.
classic hollywood cinema
golden age which was post sound. 1939 was considered the best film year. Stylistic ideas were established and entrenched. Contemporary ideas of genres and aesthetics were grounded.
compact disc
playback only storage discs for music that incorporate pure and very precise digital techniques, thus eliminating noise during recording and editing sessions.
convergence
when groups combine
counterfeiting
illegal reissues of out-of-print recordings and the unauthorized duplication of manufacturer recordings sold on the black market at cut-rate prices
cross promotion
hits all lifestyle points for consumers. Typically deals between Hollywood studios and fast-food companies. Ie: transformers and burger king.
deficit financing
in television, the process whereby a TV production company leases its programs to a network for a license fee that is actually less than the cost of production; the company hopes to recoup this loss later in rerun syndication.
development
the creation of something
directory
rely on people to review and catalogue web sites, creating categories with hierarchical topic structures that can be browsed.
domestic comedy
a TV hybrid of the sitcom in which characters and settings are usually more important than complicated situations; it generally features a domestic problem or work issue that characters have to solve.
economy of scale
the economic process of increasing production levels so as to reduce the overall cost per unit
evergreens
in tv syndication, popular, lucrative, and enduring network reruns, such as the Andy Griffith Show or I love Lucy
filesharing
the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information
film school generation
Coppola, Lucas, Scorcese, David Lynch generation of people who attended film school and became successful. Movie goers who grew up watching movies and saw the films in film school and understood the references because they had the same culture
fireside chats
FDR radio transmissions that were concieved to promote FDR's New Deal policies amid the great depression. Delivered between 1933 and 1944 and touched on national topics.
first run syndication
• in television, the process whereby new programs are specifically produced for sale in syndication markets rather than for network television.
format
• the concept of radio stations developing and playing specific styles (or formats) geared to listeners age, race, or gender; in format radio, management, rather than deejays, control programming choices.
Frequency modulation (FM)
• clear, true, static-free sound, more resistant to inference, more accurate
fringe time
• in television, the time slot either immediately before the evening’s prime-time schedule (called early fringe) or immediately following the local evening news or the network’s late night talk shows (called late fringe)
gramophone
a machine that played round, flat disks, or records. Turntable created by Berliner.
hollywood ten
• Ten of those people refused to answer any questions during the hearings thus became known as the Hollywood Ten.
HTML
the written code that creates web pages and links; a language all computer can read
Idiot sitcom
– popular in the 1960’s, programming to the lowest denominator
independent film
film not produced by major studio
internet
the vast network of telephone and cabline lines, and wireless connections, and satellite systems designed to link and carry computer information worldwide
ISP
a company that provides internet access to homes and businesses for a fee
iTunes
number one online music store
kinetoscope
• an early film projection system that served as a kind of peep show in which viewers looked through a hole and saw images moving on a tiny plate
long playing record (LP)
a record that played 33.5 revolutions per minute and held about 20 minutes of music on one side.
magazine format
• – full day program structure that featured multiple segments – news, talk, comedy, and music – similar to the content variety found in a general interest magazine of the day
MP3
• short for MPEG-1 Layer 3, an advanced type of audio compression that reduces file size, enabling audio to be easily distributed over the internet and to be digitally transmitted in real time.
Movie palace
ornate, lavish single-screen movie theaters that emerged in the 1910’s in the U.S
Napster
originally an illegal free file-sharing service, now a legal one
Nickelodean
• were lost cost, low quality, ad joc storefronts dedicated to screening short films
Networks
a broadcast process that links, through special phone lines or satellite transmissions, groups of radio or tv stations that share programming produced at a central location
Network Era
from the mid 1950’s to the late 1970’s, the dominance of the Big 3 networks—ABC, CBS, and NBC – over programming and prime-time viewing habits; began eroding with a decline in viewing and with the development of VCR’s, cable, and new networks.
off-network syndication
• in television, the process whereby older programs that no longer run during prime time are made available for reruns on local stations, cable operators, online services, and foreign markets.
oligopoly
– in media economics, an organizational structure in which a few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution resources
option time
now considered illegal, a procedure whereby a radio network paid an affiliate station a set fee per hour for an option to control programming and advertising on that station.
parsimony principle
material is used sparingly, frequently, and widely.
pay-for-play
• upfront payments from record companies to radio stations to play a song a specific number of times.
payola
– the unethical (but not always illegal) practice of record promoters paying deejays or radio programmers to favor particular songs over others.
persistence of vision
• and the psi effect (all static images appearing to move because the images proceeded rapidly enough) are necessary to have the illusion of motion.
phonograph
• in 1877, Thomas Edison invents and figures out how to play back sound inventing the phonograph as a sort of answering machine.
pilot
first episode of a show that is shot
piracy
illegal downloading
planned flow
• invented by Raymond Williams. Programmers try to design the schedule so that you just sit and watch the tv and forget to change the channel. Modeled off the daily rhythm and reflect culture.
post-network era
the 200’s. Decline of networks and programming free for all. Market segmentation, it’s no longer just about the teenagers. Cable programming, filmic entertainment, transmedia entertainment, reality tv.
Production company
a company responsible for the development and physical production of new media, performing arts, film, radio etc.
profit sharing
• a system in which employees receive a share of the net profits of the business
psi effect
– all static images appearing to move because the images proceeded rapidly enough
quality programming
GOOD TV
quiz shows
• popular in the 1950’s. popularity declines after quiz show scandal. See: 21
Ratings
in tv audience measurement, a statistical estimate expressed as a percentage of households tuned to a program in the local or national market being sampled.
Reality Television
day to day life, game shows, real people
Rerun syndication
in tv audience measurement, a statistical estimate expressed as a percentage of households tuned to a program in the local or national market being sampled.
rock & roll
• music that mixed the vocal and instrumental traditions of popular music; it merged the black influences of urban blues, gospel, and R&B with the white influences of country, folk, and pop vocals.
rotation
• – in format radio programming, the practice of playing the most popular or best-selling songs many times throughout the day
satellite radio
• radio services that deliver various radio formats nationally via satellite
search engine
computer programs that allow users to enter key words or queries to find related sites on the Internet
segmented sponsorship
• advertisers pay for a specific amount of time as opposed to the entire time
serial programs
– in radio or TV, a program such as a soap opera, that features continuing story lines from day to day or week to week
share
• in TV audience measurement, a statistical estimate of the percentage of homes tuned to a certain program, compared with those simply using their sets at the time of a sample
shellac records
a type of record that was very fragile and didn’t really improve sound quality much from wax records.
situation comedy
• often shortened to sitcom, is a genre of comedy that features recurring characters in a common environment such as a home or workplace
social capital
null
social network
• websites that allow users to create personal profiles, upload photos, create lists of favorite things, and post messages to connect with old friends and to meet new ones. Often hybrids of other things. Puts individuals in the center of their own personalized versions of the internet.
stickiness
the amount of time spent at a site over a given time period.
studio system
• Vertical integration. Studious control all aspects of the film industry: production, distribution, and exhibition. Assembly line production and contract players (writers, diretcions, actors, etc). “Star system” drives box office success. Distribution controls access to product.
single/sole sponsorship
when a single advertiser controlled production of a show.
syndication
– first-run. Owned by a production company and is showed around to individual stations. TV shows can be on at different times on different days.
synergy
– in media economics, the promotion and sale of a product (and all its versions) throughout the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate
telegraph
• invented in the 1840’s, it sent electrical impulses through a cable from a transmitter to a reception point, transmitting morse code.
terrestiral radio
Ruled by FM, primarily music format. AM ruled by news and talk.
three camera shot
• usually used in sitcoms, showed close ups, full shots, and discussion.
time shifting
• the process whereby television viewrs tape shows and watch them later, when it is convenient for them
toll broadcasting
advertisers pay to broadcast
top 40
format radio. Top 40 hits
transistor
• new radio technology that allowed radio to survive in the face of television. Small, portable, inexpensive. Invented by Bell Laboraties in 1947, these tiny pieces of technology which receive and amplify radio signals, make portable radio possible.
transmedia
• – entertainment like Heroes, lost, etc that was not just on television but had comics, etc.
upfront
• Networks show line up for next season and advertisers can purchase spots.
user produced content
blogs, twitter, etc
vast wasteland
– in the 1960’s in television. Escapism rules, and television is just for entertainment. Programming to the lowest denominator: idiot sitcoms, fantasy shows, barnyard television.
vertical integration
• in media economics, the phenomenon of controlling a mass media industry at its three essential levels: production, distribution, and exhibition; the term is most frequently used in reference to the film industry.
vinyl records
• – came after shellac records. Because shellac was needed for WWII munitions production, record industry turned to polyvinyl plastic records instead. The vinyl recordings turned out ot be more durable than shellac records and they were less noisy, paving the way for a renewed customer desire to buy recorded music.
vitascope
• – large screen movie projection system developed by Thomas Edison. It had the capacity to string multiple pieces of film together. Parlors could then show 20 minutes of short films continuously.
web 1.0
Text to magazine transition, accessing information, decentralized connectivity
web 2.0
• User-produced content, like twitter. Interactivity and user generated content and media convergence, collaboration and participation.
web 3.0
Semantic web like Bing. Meaningful internet. Death of the web? Because of apps.
wiki
internet websites capable of being edited by any user, the most famous of which is Wikipedia.
wireless telegraph
• the forerunner of radio, a form of voiceless point-to-point communication; it preceded the voice and sound transmissions of one-to-many mass communication that became known as broadcasting.
world wide web
data linking system for organizing and standardizing information on the internet; the WWW enables computer accessed information to associate with or link to other information no matter where it is on the internet.
a & r agents
- (artist & repertoire agents), the talent scouts of the music business., who develop, discover, and sometimes manage arrests. A&R executives listen to demos and decide whom to sign and which songs to record.
affiliate
radio or TV station, though independently owned, signs a contract to be a part of a network and receives money to carry the network's programs; in exchange, the network reserves time slots, which it sells to national advertisers
anthology series
• popular form of TV programming that brough live dramatic theater to television; influences by stage plats, anthologies offered to new teleplays, casts, directors, writers, and sets from week to week.
audiotape
• - lightweight magnetized strands of ribbon that make possible sound editing and multiple track mixing; instrumentals or vocals can be recorded at one location and later mixed onto a master recording in another studio.
auteur cinema
- 60's and 70's and rebel voices. Rise of the director, disillusionment, rebellion, counterculture, and youth
back nine
- slang for tv episodes / midseason replacements. Get renewed or get cancelled and a new show takes place
barter deals
• usually arranged for new, untested, or older programs. In a straight barter deal, no money changes hands. Instead, a syndicator offers a program to a local TV station in exchange for a split of the advertising revenue.
blacklisting
• True communist panic in the country that was target at the media (HUAC). Joseph McCarthy wanted to purge sympathizers. You either name names or you are blacklisted.
blind booking
the need for distributors to pre-sell as-yet-uncompleted films to exhibitors.
block booking
an early tactic of movie studios to control exhibition, involving pressuring theater operators to accept marginal films with no stars in order to get access to films with the most popular stars.
blogs
• - sites that contain articles in reverse chronological journal-like form, often with reader comments and links to other articles on the web.
bootlegging
• the illegal counterfeiting or pirating of CDs, cassettes, and videos that are proceed and/or sold without official permission from the original songwriter, performer, and copyright order.
broadcasting
the transmission of radio waves or TV signals to a broad public audience.
browser
information search services, such as Netscape’s Navigator and Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, that offer detailed organization maps to the internet.
cable
tv
About this deck
By: Valerie Champagne
Textbook: Media and Culture 7e with 2011 Update: An Introduction to Mass Communication
Created: 2011-02-16
Size: 111 flashcards
Views: 105
Textbook:
Media and Culture 7e with 2011 Update: An Introduction to Mass CommunicationCreated: 2011-02-16
Size: 111 flashcards
Views: 105
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj