Constructive and Destructive Forces That Change the Earth

5th Grade Science with Robertson at Shakerag Elementary

About this deck

By: Kathe Robertson
Created: 2011-12-07
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 413

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What is the core?

the center, hottest layer of the Earth.

What is the crust ?

the outer, very thin layer of the Earth.

What is deposition?

the process of dropping sediment in a new location.

What is an earthquake?

the shaking of the ground from energy release in the crust.

What is erosion?

the process of moving sediment from one place to another.

What is a fault?

the place where pieces of the crust move

What are landforms?

physical features on the Earth’s surface.

What is magma?

the hot, soft rock from the lower mantle.

Where is the mantle found?

the middle layer of the Earth.

What are plates?

rigid blocks of crust and upper mantle rock.

What is a volcano?

the opening in the crust through which lava flows.

What is weathering?

the process in which sand, soil and sediment are formed

What is the name of the layer of the Earth that we live on?

the crust.

What is the hottest layer of the Earth?

Core

What layer of the Earth is magma formed in?

the mantle.

What are the three kinds of plate movement?

Convergent (collide), Transform (slide past), Divergent (pull apart)

What new landforms are created when plates converge?

Mountains

Volcanoes

Trenches

What new landforms are created when plates diverge?

Volcanoes

Valleys

Rifts /Cracks

Ridges

What new landforms are created when plates transform?

Earthquakes

Faults

What is an example of something going through the process of erosion and depostion?

When the waves beat onto a rocky shore, the rocks are weathered, the waves carry the sediment away, then deposit it further down the beach.

Define a constructive force, and give an example.

Constructive forces build up the land. An example is when lava hardens and

the land mass gets larger.

Describe what a destructive force is and give an example.

Destructive forces are forces that destroy the land. Wind, water and ice are examples

What landform is both constructive and destructive?

A volcano.

What was the of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago?

Pangea

How do humans control floods?

Dams are structures built across a river to control the flow. They hold back floodwaters at times of heavy rainfall. They can be built out of soil, sand, or steel and concrete. Levees are mounds of earth built along the sides of a river. Dams and levees hold back sediment that rivers carry so that sediment in no longer available to form floodplains and beaches.

How do humans reclaim beaches?

A groin is a structure built at right angles to the beach that traps sand moving along with longshore currents. Seawalls are structures built parallel to the shore to absorb the pounding of waves. Beach nourishment involves reclaiming beaches that erosion has eaten away. Sands from the ocean or nearby rivers are placed on the beach to rebuild it.

How do humans prevent soil erosion?

Storm drain management is a system of drains that prevent flooding during heavy rainstorms. The drains capture the water and move it off the roads and the other land. Urban storm water runoff contains sediment, harmful chemicals, oil, and road salts that pollute the earth and causes shock loading that kills fish and causes algal blooms.

How do scientists prepare humans for earthquakes?

A seismograph measures and detects earthquakes. It makes a record of the movement called a seismogram which predict where an earthquake is most likely to occur. People cannot build new structures on or near faults, and they can make rules to make homes and other structures better able to resist damage.

How can scientist prepare humans for volcanoes?

Scientists can also predict when a volcano will be become active because the sides of the volcano will swell and instruments can detect changes when gases are released as the magma begins to rise.

What is a Seismologist?

A scientist who studies earthquakes

What is a seismograph?

combines a measures the magnitude of earthquakes

What is lava?

Molten rock that flows from a volcano onto Earth's surface

What is a dam?

used for flood control a dam is a structure built across a stream or river to retain water

What is a levee?

Used for controling floods, a levee is a mound of earth that is built along the sides of rivers.

What is a Jetty?

A jetty is used for beach reclamation and is a wall like structure that stick out into the ocean to prevent sand from being carried away.

As longshore currents move along the coasts the jetty traps sand and small rocks.

About this deck

By: Kathe Robertson
Created: 2011-12-07
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 413

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis