Cromwell, chapter 8

-Increasingly frequency of terrorist acts by radical religious extremist terrorists, in partucular radical islamists fundamentalists terrorists.

-osama bin laden is known for his piety and has been granted the title emir. Like Khomeini, osama bin laden regularly cites verses from the Koran to justify his acts of terror and extreme violence, employing many of the same verses as earlier cited by Khomeini.

-Nationalist seperatists terrorists

-fatah members- families had good social standing but their status and experience as refugees was paramount in their development of self identitiy

Armed attacks are viewed as essential to the operation of the organiztion

the hatred socialized toward the israelis was remarkable, especially given that few reported any contact with israelis

-The defendent ssuredly did not beleive that what he was doing was wrong, for from boyhood on Rezaq had been socialized to be a heroic revolutionary fighting for the palestinian nation

a soldier for allah

many of the secular members report that while activism within the community was most influenction in their decision to join, their first introduction to the cause as at the mosque or in another religious setting. authority figures from the mosque were prominent in all conversations with group members and most dramatically fro members of the islamist organizations.the introductions to authority and unquestionaing obedience to allah and authority is instilled at a young aged and stays

-increased social standing

-Martydrom or self sacrifice in the service of allah

Jihad appears 41 times in the Quran and frequently in the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of God (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)".^[1][2][3] A person engaged in jihad is called amujahid; the plural is mujahideen. Jihad is an important religious duty for Muslims. A minority among the Sunni scholarssometimes refer to this duty as the sixth pillar of Islam, though it occupies no such official status.^[4] In Twelver Shi'a Islam, however, Jihad is one of the 10 Practices of the Religion.

-psychological autopsies, that is, reconstuctions of the lives of suicides, have been developed for some 93 suicide bombers of the palestinian suicide bombers in israel

- older age- 28-33 with the eception of a small group of younger terrorists brought in late for muscle, who were probably unaware that their was not a conventional hijacking

- once recruited, there is a cleare fusing of individual identity and the group identity, particularly among the more radical elements of each organization

- as individual identiy succumbs to the organization, there is no room for individuality- individual ideas, individual identiy and individual decision making- while at the same time self perceifed success becomes more and more linked to the organization

- a pure islamic state

- it is important to emphasize that terrorists are phychologically normal

be forced to give up terrorism, for to do so would be to lose their very reason for being

- generational forces

-alienated youth must be able to envisage a future within the system that promises redress of long standing economic and social inequity and come to beleive that political activism can lead to their finding a pathway to these goals

when terrorists do defect from the group, information can be fed back into the group to identify other traitors within the group, exacerbating the intragroup tension

"no way out"

-the group or organization must be marginalized, its leaders delegitimated.