CSD 2230: Chapter 8
Communication Science And Disorders 2230 with Carlson/wallis at University of Minnesota - Duluth
About this deck
By: Alexandra Flansburg
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 48 flashcards
Views: 19
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 48 flashcards
Views: 19
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What is Fluent Speech?
Fluent speech is the consistent ability to move the speech production apparatus in an effortless, smoot and rapid manner resulting in a continuous, uninterrupted forward flow of speech
What is fluency?
A multidimensional behavior made up of rate, effort and continuity
What is disfluent speech?
a disruption in the forward flow of speech
What are typical disfluencies?
- Pauses and hesitations
- interjections (ah, um)
- phrase repetitions
- revisions
- tension-free sound & word repetitions (1-2x)
- No struggle
- Person not bothered
- continue over the lifespan
- are generally not a comm. disorder
What are Atypical/stuttering-like disfluencies?
- Multiple repetitions (> 2)
- irregularity, jerkiness
- obvious tension
- prolongations
- blocks
- midword pauses
What is stuttering?
Stuttering occurs when the forward flow of speech is interrupted abnormally by repetitions or prolongations or a sound, syllable or articulatory posture, or by avoidance or struggle reactions
what is stuttering?
Stuttering- What is it?
- a loss of control
- a glitch in coordination
- compounded by stress and emotional reactions to these glitches
- considered a handicap by world health organization
What are some stuttering facts?
- Child w/ it are poorer in educ. adjustment
- more likely to be bulliedteased than those who don't stutter
- can be vocationally handicapping
- it is a group that doesn't demonstrat psychoeurotic disturbance though do show milder forms of social maladjusment
what are more stuttering facts?
- incidence= 5%
- prevalence: appx 1% of pop stutters
- male/female ration is 3:1 or 4:1
- High familial incidence (50% heritability)
- if 1 twin stutters, high chance that other will stutter higher for identical than fraternal
What is the cause of stuttering?
- "fragile" nuerologic system
- theories: psychological & Behavioral (inadequate to explain)
- organic:
- mountin evidence of implicated genes
- disrupted speech motor control system?
What else causes stuttering?
Multifactorial causes for now (combination of genetics, temperament, environment)
What are some Early Developmental stuttering facts?
- Typical onset is b/w 2-5 with mean age 3
- onset is gradual for majority, but can be sudden for as high as 36% & stuttering behaviors may be mod-severe
- can manifest w/ range of features & severity
- up to 85% of kids will recover w/in 2 yrs of onset
What are the risk factors for persistence?
- Positive family history for stuttering
- gender
- presence of prolongations &/or clusters
- concomitant articulation &/or lang. problems
- negative response by child
What are the age groups of Bloodsteins 4 phases of stuttering?
- 2-6 years
- elementary school
- 8 years to adulthood
- 8 years to adulthood
What is the highlight to phase 1 of the 4 phases of bloodsteins stuttering?
1. 2-6 years.
episodic stuttering, primarily occurs when child excited or upset; primarily sound/syllable repetitions; child seems unaware.
episodic stuttering, primarily occurs when child excited or upset; primarily sound/syllable repetitions; child seems unaware.
What is the highlight to phase 2 of the 4 phases of bloodsteins stuttering?
2. elementary school
Chronic; occurs on content words; child regards himself as stutterer
Chronic; occurs on content words; child regards himself as stutterer
What is the highlight to phase 3 of the 4 phases of bloodstein's stuttering?
3. 8 years to adulthood
stuttering situational; certain words considered more difficult; frequent circumlocutions, word subsitutions
stuttering situational; certain words considered more difficult; frequent circumlocutions, word subsitutions
What is the highlight to phase 4 of the 4 phases of bloodstein's stuttering?
4. 8 years to adulthood
stuttering at apex of development; fearful anticipation, avoidance of sound, words, speaking situations; increased circumlocutions and word subsitutions
stuttering at apex of development; fearful anticipation, avoidance of sound, words, speaking situations; increased circumlocutions and word subsitutions
What are the 3 core stuttering behaviors?
1. repetitions
2. prolongations
3. blocks
2. prolongations
3. blocks
What are the 7 secondary/avoidance behaviors?
1. eye blinks
2. grimacing
3. tongue flicks
4. fist pounding
5. leg twitches
6. chin jerks
7. quick exhalations
2. grimacing
3. tongue flicks
4. fist pounding
5. leg twitches
6. chin jerks
7. quick exhalations
What is the stuttering cognitive?
1. How an individual thinks about his/her stuttering
2. How knowledgeable a person is about his/her stuttering
2. How knowledgeable a person is about his/her stuttering
What is the Stuttering evaluation of PreK?
- Parent interview
- detailed analysis of stuttering behaviors
- observation of child's response
- observation of parent-child interaction
- determine risk for persistence
What are risk factors for persistence of stuttering?
- positive family history
- gender (male)
- duration > 6 mon. especially if worsening over time
- presence of concomitant speech or language problems
- negative emotional response
- loss of eye contact
- sound prolongations & clusters
- onset after age 3.5
What is stuttering therapy-preschool?
- Always indicated when risk for persistence is present
- outcomes are excellent w/ preschool CWS
- lidcombe: 95% recovery
- fosnat: 91% over 5 years
- Gottwald & Starkweather: 100% maintained over 2 yrs
What is preschool therapy-indirect?
- Environmental manipulations
- SLP & parent modeling
- use of rate reduction & pausing
- reducing lang. demands
- no discussion about child's speech
What is preschool therapy-direct?
- talking about talking
- "hard" vs "easy" talking
- tools to say words easier
- lidcombe approach
What is chronic stuttering treatment?
Change timing & tension
Treatment that incorporates attitudes & emo. about stuttering more helpful than speech alone
Selection of techniques depends on severity of problem, motive & needs of client & SLP knowledge & comfort w/ various strategies
Treatment that incorporates attitudes & emo. about stuttering more helpful than speech alone
Selection of techniques depends on severity of problem, motive & needs of client & SLP knowledge & comfort w/ various strategies
What are the 7 fluency shaping techniques?
- reducing speaking rate
- light articulatory contacts
- gentle onsets
- pausing & phrasing
- continuous phonation
- Gradual increas in length & Complexity of utterance (GILCU)
- response-contingency
What are stuttering modification techniques (8)
- identification
- relax the stutter(pull out, easy bounce)
- preparatory set (ease in)
- cancellations
- addressing underlying fears & attitudes
- pseudostutters
- eye contact
- freezing the moment of stuttering
What is the treatment efficacy w/ confirmed stutters? (3)
1. 61% avg decrease in stuttering severity w/ school age
2. 60-80% improvement rate in adults regardless of techniques used
3. Avg. improvement in 70% of all cases across all ages
2. 60-80% improvement rate in adults regardless of techniques used
3. Avg. improvement in 70% of all cases across all ages
What are some stuttering self help/resources?
1. national stuttering association
2. stuttering foundation of america
3. Stuttering home page
4. FRIENDS
2. stuttering foundation of america
3. Stuttering home page
4. FRIENDS
What is an effective outcome for stuttering treatment?
If it resulted in an individuals being able to speak w/ disfluencies w/in normal limits whenever & to whomever he or she chose, w/o undue concern or worry about speaking
What are some neurogenic stuttering?
*Follows injury or disease to CNS
*Occasionally individuals will only show speech disruption w/o clear evidence of neurologic damage
*appears most often in adults w/ history of normal speech production prior to injury or disease
*Level of awareness can vary
*Occasionally individuals will only show speech disruption w/o clear evidence of neurologic damage
*appears most often in adults w/ history of normal speech production prior to injury or disease
*Level of awareness can vary
What is signs of psychogenic stuttering?
*No identified medical facotrs/history of developmental stuttering
*late onset (late teen & older)
*Linked to emo. stress or trauma
*Involuntary
*Core symptoms resemble developmental stuttering
*May occur alone or related to other signs of psychological or neruological involvement
*stuttering may increase during fluency-inducing conditions
*Diagnosis needs to rule out neurologic etiology
*late onset (late teen & older)
*Linked to emo. stress or trauma
*Involuntary
*Core symptoms resemble developmental stuttering
*May occur alone or related to other signs of psychological or neruological involvement
*stuttering may increase during fluency-inducing conditions
*Diagnosis needs to rule out neurologic etiology
what is cluttering?
A fluency disorder characterized by a rapid and or irregular speaking rate, excessive disfluencies, and often other symptoms such as lang. or phonological errors and attention deficits.
What is signs of cluttering?
*individual doesn't sound "fluent"
*Excessive levels of normal disfluencies
*Little or no physical struggle to speak
*few if any secondary behaviors
*Often talks to fast
*Sounds jerky
*Has pauses that are to short, to long or improprely placed
*Speech is often difficult to understand
*Excessive levels of normal disfluencies
*Little or no physical struggle to speak
*few if any secondary behaviors
*Often talks to fast
*Sounds jerky
*Has pauses that are to short, to long or improprely placed
*Speech is often difficult to understand
Organic voice disorders are related to misuse of?
1. vocal polyps
2. laryngitis (hyper functional, mis used)
what is dysphonia?
are a group of speech sound disorders caused to something impairment.
what is the worst thing that can happen with a person with vocal paralysis?
if paralized together then like it is then you'd die. It also can happen with heart surgery
The voice aspect of dyshonia means?
the impairment of the voice.
what is spastic dysphonia?
is a spastic dysarthia but stands alone and can be neurologic or psychogenic cause and can manifest the vocal cords coming to close together to strongly or the are not coming together enough.
why are there voice disorders?
there can be voice disorders from a variety of reasons
The person with laryngeal cancer, is there treatments?
yes
Papilloma is common in adults or children?
children
What are nonorganic voice disorders?
malingering and psychogenic disorders
what is malingering?
making things up and change your voice for a purpose ex acting sick over the phone to call in sick.
About this deck
By: Alexandra Flansburg
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 48 flashcards
Views: 19
Created: 2011-10-24
Size: 48 flashcards
Views: 19
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj