Cultural Globalization I&II

new technology

colonialism, global marketing, and tourism

- culture changes completely and loses its original traits to a dominant one

• "spatial homogeneity"

• one group assumes the traits of others whilst retaining some of its own

• glocalisation/hybridity

• keep language and cultural aspects when immigrate, adopt some American culture but mostly keep own culture

culture reasserts its authenticity in face of a perceived or actual threat from another culture

1st thing to do to ruin culture: get rid of language

• Christianity and Islam are truly spatially global in nature

• Political and military force propagated respective religions, used as justification of conquering territory

• Roman and British -- most successful

• used extensive reach of military/political power to reinforce reach of cultural power

• British empire-- extensive work in communications infrastructure allowed British to transmit cultural

information to create a sense of shared identity

• Global cultural infrastructure of technology: operates at unprecedented scale, fast and efficient

• Western culture - core marker of global cultural interaction

• TNCs create infrastructure needed for cultural diffusion

• business culture drives cultural exchange

• Post-WWII shift in the "geography" of cultural interaction

global model of efficiency and standardization

• English is becoming the lingua franca (dominant language)

• over 200 million students are studying English as an additional language

• world's largest industry

• when travel, stay at hotel chains and eat at chair restaurants

technological, commercial and cultural synchronisation emanating from

the West

a situation when cultures mix to

produce unique new outcomes

in a particular place or region

• Australian Cuisine mixes traditional British cooking with Australian ingredients

• Curry is most popular food in Britain but is actually a food from South India, however, Indians wouldn't recognize it

• small, remote island in South Pacific

• Hong Kong not used to service with a smile

• Veggie menu in India, seaweed burgers, rabbit

has to make changes to adapt to local culture, and local cultures adapt visa versa

products are often adapted to local conditions

• rise of cosmopolitan consumer has increased the demand for authentic and exotic cultural experiences

• increasing feature of global society

• in supermarkets, new rows of produce from non-western countries have label "ethnic" foods

• Chinatown in NYC

rise of cosmopolitan consumer has increased the demand for authentic and exotic cultural experiences

• in supermarkets, new rows of produce from non-western countries have label "ethnic" foods

• Chinatown in NYC

• Music TNCs have evolved to foster global flows

• National markets have been increasingly penetrated by foreign performers

• Western styles and images have been diffused through the music industry

•  Started in major US cities in

early 1980s

•  Music and lifestyle now

emulated by youth from all

continents.

•  Pioneering groups formed

part of a political protest

• must play a certain amount of Canadian music

• to be Canadian, must fulfill at least 2 conditions (MAPL system)

music, artist, performance/production, lyrics

form of resistance to homogenizing tendencies

Cultural traits are individual components of

Processes of spatially spreading cultural traits

Cultural globalization has made them much more difficult to discern; fuzzy

•  In the UK, CNN has presenters with UK accents

•  In Australia TV actors with Australian accents

overdub commercials made in the US in order to appeal to the local market.