Anthropology 1500 Final

Anthropology 1500 with Graham at University of Connecticut

About this deck

By: Katie Gallagher
Textbook:

Animal Science and Industry (7th Edition)

International Politics on the World Stage, BRIEF
Pre Calculus: Custom Edition, 4th edition

Selected Material From Images of the Past, 5th Edition
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 333

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Pacal's Tomb Lid

-Discovered at Palenque by Albert Llullier

-Bottom is the Underworld/ jaws of the Earth Monster. Lord Pacal crossing into the afterlife. Above him is the tree of life, and above the tree of life is the bird god. shows contrasts between dark and light.

-Also interpreted as lord Pacal flying a spaceship, if turned sideways, according to Von Daniken.

Aztecs: Leader, conquered by, capital city

Leader: Montezuma

Conquered by: Hernando Cortes

Capital City: Tenochtitlan

Incas: Leader, conquered by, capital city

Leader: Atahualpa

Conquered by: Fransisco Pizarro

Capital City: Cuzco

Additional Inca Facts...

- Had roads and roadrunners.

- Did not use writing

-Quipu (a record-keeping system...)

Meso-American Ballgame (rules and court)

Rules: played with a rubber ball, using hips only. Try to get the ball through a small ring. Losers were decapitated.

SITE: Chichen Itza is the largest ball court. skulls of losers hung on racks at the entrance.

The Olmec

Known as "rubber people"

Also located on the Yucatan Peninsula/Gulf of Mexico (1500-500 BC)

famous for the colossal heads

-Were-jaguar= symbol of power and fertility

The Maya

-Located on the Yucatan peninsula

-Used hieroglyphs

SITE: Temple of the Feathered Serpent:

-Quetzacoatl's Palace; was a very important deity throughout mesoamerica.

SITE: Monte Verde

-In Chile, Most convincing evidence of pre-clovis history.

Discovered in 1976 by Tom Dillehay.

Site had been water-logged=excellent preservation.

Found a child's footprint, and hundreds of artifacts; mainly tools.

Found ~12 wooden house structures, and 150 different species, 42 of which were edible, and some were from as far away as 150 miles from the site.

Kennewick Man

-Found in a river in WA state.

-Support land bridge hypothesis.

-Native Americans argued that he was property of them under the laws of the NAGPRA, but they lost the case, and he went to research.

Rape of Mali

null

SITE: Cahokia

-Located in Illinois, 120 mounds, 80 of which still stand today.Excavated by Warren Moorehead in the 1920s; proved that the mounds were cultural.

Site is ~5-6 miles large

SITE: Teothuacan

Where the major pyramids of the Sun and the Moon are located.

Pyramid of the Sun

Sacred site built atop a cave.

3rd largest pyramid in the world.

built with talud-tablero architecture.

Pyramid of the Moon

Dated older than the pyramid of the Sun.

Burials found underneath it.

Land Bridge:

Beringia; Crossed over from Siberia. Most accepted theory of Poepling in North America. (Kennewick man supports this theory)

SITE: Chaco Canyon

-New Mexico, 950-1100 AD, 9 miles long

- Dense concentration of pueblos, towns carefully planned

-Harvested rainwater

-Great houses and villages.

-Prehistoric roadways connected the outliers of the canyon settlements.

-Agricultural intensification and long distance trade specialization.

Nok Culture

Nigeria, Africa

-Villages with Iron producing furnaces

-Distinctive figurines, and life-size terracotta statues.

-Settled 1000BC to 300BC

Jenne Culture

Mali, Africa

-Located on the inland Niger-Delta

-Settled in 200 BC

-set stage for increasing trade across North America

Chinampa Agriculture

- Chinampa means "field-raised".

- Basin in Central Highlands of Mexico

- Soil raised above flood plain.

- Offers many agronomic advantages.

- Also used in Bolivia and Peru

- Rain god= Tlaloc

ARCHAEOLOGICAL HOAX: Shinichi Fujimura

Famous Japanese archaeologist, also known as "God's hand"

-Found many Japanese artifacts altering the history, textbooks were rewritten based on his finds.

-Got too lucky,people were suspicious. Caught on film planting artifacts at a site. Went to an mental institution, textbooks had to be rewritten AGAIN.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL HOAX: Piltdown/Dawn Man

-Discovered by Charles Dawson; fragments of teeth and skull found in a gravel pit in 1912. Claimed it was the "missing link"

-1915 found another, and died shortly after. Investigated the skulls and found that it had been a hoax, the skull was that of a modern human, and the jaw belonged to an orangutan. Teeth had also been altered.

PERSON: Erich Von Daniken

Swiss writer who claimed that ancient civilizations were influenced by aliens. Argues things were too complex/difficult for ancient humans to do on their own (ie pyramids).

-Example of his "evidence" Pacal's Lid and "lightbulb" paintings found in cave.

-Built Mystery Park in Germany.

Battlefield Archaeology

Definition: The archeological investigation of battle sites.

-First major investigation was the Battle of Little Bighorn in Montana.

-Guest speaker studied the Pequot wars in CT.

Occam's Razor:

- William of Occam (Ockham): 14th century English philosopher

- “Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily”

- When you have two competing theories, the one that is simpler is the better

Similaries between all of Meso-America

All had...

- ball games

- Calendars

- Step pyramids

- Base-10 system

PERSON: Christy Turner

-Compared the DNA, dental records, and cultural dwellings of different poeples, connecting them to one another.

PERSON: Hiram Bingham

- Student from Yale

- discovered Machu Picchu in Peru

Mexica

Job: Mercinaries

* Maize from Mexico!

Dendrochronology

tree ring dating

Crops grown in Africa

yams, millet, African rice, watermelon, palm oil, sorghum.

Crops grown in North America

Maize (mexico), squash, corn, beans, cotton, sweet potato, manioc,