Biochemistry- 1
Basic Principles Of Biochemistry with Any at University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
About this deck
By: Sharon Williams
Created: 2011-09-13
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 42
Created: 2011-09-13
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 42
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basic cell types
fibroblasts
myocytes
blood cells
neurons
eithelia
organelle types
plasma membrane
lysosomes
cytoskeleton
mitocho9ndria
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
golgi complex
molecular composition of a cell
inorganic molecules: 70% water, 1% inorganic ions
macromolecules: 26% proteins and nucleic acids
small organic molecules: <3% sugars, fatty acids, nucleotides & amino acids
(percentages based on total cell weight)
3 things to remember
1. all animals share the same basic principles of organization
-share 99% homology in genes and proteins and are practically indistinguishable on the CELLULAR level
-most diseases are common for physiologically similar species and have similar molecular mechanisms
2. most animals have special features in their PHYSIOLOGY which make them unique on the molecular, cellular and organismal level
3. every disease has an underlying molecular reason
4 levels of the cell
level 4: the cell and its organelles
level 3: supramolecular complexes (chromosome, plasma membrane, cell wall)
level 2: macromolecules (dna, protein, cellulose)
level 1: monomeric units (nucleotides, amino acids, sugars)
embryonic stem cells
divide and differentiate to give rise to all organs and tissues of the body
fibroblasts
crawl as a monolayer to close the healing wound
secrete extracellular matrix that forms CT inside the body
epithelia
cells that create barriers
form sheets that line the skin and internal organs, creating barriers btwn interacting environments
ex. skin, digestive tract (absorptive), respirator(ciliated)
specialized kinds perform secretory functions as in the endocrine glands
myocytes
cells that beat
1.form muscle tissues
2. respond to nerve stimuli to produce mechanical force by contraction
3. driving force for body movement and normal function of organs like the heart, blood vessels and digestive system
blood cells
red- erythrocytes: highly specialized to carry hemoglobin protein and deliver oxygen to body
white- lymphocytes: protect body against infection
macrophages: digest foreign cells
neurons
cells that control
conduct electrical signals to each other and to effectors thru out body
form major structures of nervous system (brain, spinal cord and ganglia)
ensure coordination of all systems and information processing for an animal
cytosol
aqueous but not liquid
physical and chemical properties vary in dif areas of cell
ensures cell polarity and compartmentlization
molecules/ particles/ organelles move thru cytosol via passive diffusion or active cytoplasmic transport
plasma membrane
liquid but not aqueus
lipid bilayer w/ incorporated proteins
fluid barrier btwn cytosol and extracellular fluid
regulates exchange of chemicals and macromolecules btwn cell and ecm
mediates cell adhesion and cell-cell communication
endoplasmic reticulum
intracellular membrane/ organelle
exchanges material WITH IN the cell
connected to nuclear membrane
transports macromolecules and protein complexes to/from Golgi
golgi apparatus
intracellular membranous organelle
exchanges material btwn cell and extracellular space
nucleus
storage and delivery of genetic information
nuclear envelope- double layer of membrane w/ specialized nuclear pores
chromatin: spatially arranged dna
nuceoli: contain rna
nuclear lamina (intermediate filaments): strengthening layer inside envelope
intermediate filaments also hold the nucleus in place in the cytoplasm from outside the envelope
microtubules anchor on nucleus
mitochondria
contain an outer and inner membrane, creating two internal compartments
inner membrane is folded to increase surface area
function: convert oxidation energy into ATP... fuels metabolic processes
have own genome (maternal)
cytoskeleton
skeleton of the cell
made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments
microtubules
highly dynamic radial network of fibers
mediate intracellular transport
coordinate global cellular events such as polarization and division
actin filaments
form stress fibers and cortical network of thin filaments in most cell types
are the major component of muscle fibers
mediate all types of motile and contractile behavior of cells
intermediate filaments
a rigorous network of fibers that follows the microtubule sytoskeleton
assists in cell shape maintenance and provides support for anchoring intracellular structures
DNA vs RNA
both are Nucleic Acids which are Macromolecules
RNA: delivers code for protein synth and is involved in all stages of protein synth
proteins
biological macromolecule
base component of all intracellular structures
with the involvement of other molecules, proteins carry out all intracellular processes
determine shape and structure of a cell
instruments of molecular recognition and catalysis
major functional groups: structural & regulatory
many proteins combine multiple functions within one molecule
structural proteins
basic components of many intracellular and extracellular structures
they provide structural support, anchoring, and spatial organization of intracellular compartments
ex: cytoskeleton, nuclear lamina, chromatin
regulatory proteins
facilitate biological reaction that are essential for all aspects of cell metabolism
coordinate many biological processes
may participate in reactions either structurally (by bringing reaction components into proximity of each other) or chemically(enzymes)
About this deck
By: Sharon Williams
Created: 2011-09-13
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 42
Created: 2011-09-13
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 42
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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