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- Psychology Test Three
Psychology Test Three
Psychology 104 with Holmes at University of Kansas
About this deck
By: Katie Wohletz
Textbook: Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Mental Processes
Created: 2010-11-08
Size: 87 flashcards
Views: 281
Textbook: Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Mental Processes
Created: 2010-11-08
Size: 87 flashcards
Views: 281
About StudyBlue
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motivation
a group of factors that dri
drive reduction explanation
the notion that we are motivated to satisfy drives and thereby reduce tension
homeostasis
a relatively stable state or level. often an equilibrium between two extremes
homeostatic explanation
homeostatic explanation
homeostatic explanation
the notion that we are motivated to behave in ways that will maintain an optimal level of arousal
incentive explanation
the notion that we are motivated by a desire to achieve pleasure or attain goals
Abraham Maslow
a psychologist who suggested that motives could be organized in a hierarchy
hierarchy of needs
a way of organizing needs from physiological, which must be satisfied first through self fulfillment which can be satisfied when other needs are met
metabolism
the process by which the cells in the body produce and use energy
glucose
the source of energy that cells use in metabolism
calorie
a measure of energy, specifically that amount of energy required to increase one gram of water by one degree centigrade
fat cells
cells that are used to store glucose
leptin
a substance that is released when fat cells are full and which signals the brain to reduce appetite
set point
the notion that there is a genetically determined size of fat cells which determines appetite and weight
obesity
a body mass index score of 30 or above but this is only a rough index
phentermine
an anti-obesity drug that works primarily because it stimulates metabolism
serotonin
a neurotransmitter, low levels of which can increase appetite
fenfluramine
an anti-obesity drug that works primarily because it increases levels of seratonin
satiety
the feeling of being full or satisfied after eating which leads individuals to stop eating
phen-fen
a slang term for the combination of the anti-obesity drugs phentermine and fenfluramine
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which the major symptoms are binges in which the individual consumes huge amounts of food in a short period and purges such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives to eliminate the excessive food that was consumed in the binge
hypothalamus
a structure in the brain that is stimulated by sex-related stimuli and which then secretes the releasing hormone which begins the sexual response
releasing hormone
a hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus when it receives sex-related stimulation. the hormone then stimulates the pituitary gland to release gonadotropins
pituitary gland
a gland in the brain which when stimulated by the releasing hormone secretes gonadotropins
gonadotropins
substances released by the pituitary gland which then stimulate the gonads to release their hormones and result in the sexual response
testosterone
the male hormone that is released primarily by the testes when they are stimulated by the gonadotropins
progesterone
the female hormone that is released primarily by the oeries when they are stimulated by the gonadotropins
clitoris
a small structure located just above the vaginal opening. it is analogous to the male's penis and swells during sexual arousal
sexual dysfunctions
sexual disorders that involve the absence or failure of the sexual response
desire disorder
a sexual disorder in which the individual lacks sexual desire
arousal disorder
a sexual disorder in which the individual is unable to achieve or maintian an adequate level of sexual arousal
orgasm disorder
a sexual disorder in which the individual does not achieve orgasm or reaches orgasm too soon
premature ejaculation
reaching orgasm too soon
start -stop technique
a treatment for premature orgasm in men
paraphilias
sexual disorders that involve deviant means of achieving sexual arousal: exhibitionism, fetishism, transvestic, fetishism, frotterurism, pedophilia, sexual masochism
autoerotic asphyxiation
achieving sexual arousal by suffocation, often by hanging oneself
aversion therapy
a treatment for paraphilias in which a deviant sexual response is replaced with an aversion response (anxiety)
Depe-Provera
a drug used to treat paraphilias by inhibiting the release of the hormones that lead to sexual arousal
sexual predator laws
laws that permit an individual to be confined in prison for an indeterminate length of time if it is believed that the individual will commit another sexual crime
gender identity disorder
a sexual disorder in which the individual feels more like a member of the opposite sex and is uncomfortable with his or her own sex
sex reassignment surgery
surgical procedures used to construct a penis or vagina so that an individuals physical sex matches their gender identity
need for achievement
the need to overcome obstacles, master things, and do things well
fear of failure
an alternative explanation for need for achievement
resultant achievement motivation
the sum of achievement motivation and fear of failure
fear of success
the notion that some individuals do not work to achieve becasue they are concerned that success will have negative consequences, such as loss of friends
amygdala
a structure in the limbic system that increases arousal related to emotions, particularly fear rage and aggression
prefrontal cortex
the thin layer of neurons that covers the frontal lobes of the brain. important for the integration of emotions and behaviors
sympathetic branch
increases physiological responses such as heart rate and respiration. responses are not under voluntary control
autonomic nervous system
the branch of the nervous system that is responsible for automatic activities, such as increases and decreases in arousal. the sympathetic branch of this system is responsible for increasing arousal
guilty knowledge test
a lie detection procedure in which individuals are asked multiple choice questions to which only guilty persons would know the answers
empathy
the ability to be aware of and experience the emotion of another individual
intimacy
a component of love that involves emotional closeness
passion
a component of love that involves romantic and sexual arousal
decision/commitment
a component of love that involves the decision that an individual loves another person and the commitment to maintain the relationship
mislabeling
a mistake in labeling physiological arousal. an explanation for passion
classical conditioning
the pairing of a neutral stimulus with sexual arousal so that late the stimulus will elicit sexual arousal
generalization
for classical conditioning : an explanation for love at first sight
stress
the emotion that occurs when a problem taxes us beyond our normal lines
stressor
something that leads to the stress response
defense mechanisms
cognitive strategies such as denial and displacement that are used to reduce the symptoms of stress
denial
a defense mechanism in which the individual redefines the stressor so as to make it less stressful
displacement
a defense mechanism in which the individual expresses an emotion toward an individual or object other than the individual or object that generated the emotion
suppression
a defense mechanism in which the individual intentionally does not think about a stressor
repression
a defense mechanism in which an individual supposedly sends the memory of a stressor to the unconscious
aerobic exercise
prolonged exercise, such as running for at least 20 minutes, that increases heart rate
biofeedback training
a procedure in which individuals are given immediate feedback about changes in a physiology response such as muscle tension so they can learn to control the response
cortisol
a hormone released during stress that can increase energy but also interfere with memory and prolong the stress response
hippocampus
a structure in the brain responsible for memory and to some extent reducing the stress response. its effects can be interfered with by cortisol
mind-body dualism
the notion that our minds operate independently of our bodies, Generally rejected today
psychosomatic disorders
physical disorders that are due to psychological causes
cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels, and lungs. used to transport blood cells
coronary artery disease
the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries so blood flow is reduced
altherosclerosis
the technical term for the buildup of fats and cholesterol in arteries
myocardial infarction
heart attack-death of heart muscles
cerebral infraction
stroke- death of neurons in the brain
type A behavior pattern
a behavior pattern characterized by competitiveness, time urgency and hostility
systolic blood pressure
the level of pressure that occurs after each heart beat
diastolic blood pressure
the level of pressure that occurs after blood has been distributed throughout the system and before the next heart beat
baroreceptors
sensors in the arteries that monitor blood pressure and which can be reset if pressure is consistently high, thereby leading to hypertension
hypertension
high blood pressure usually systolic pressure over 140 mm Hg and or diastolic pressure over 90 mm HG
anarobic exercise
a brief burst of exercise, such as lifting a heavy weight
antigens
disease-causeing agents. commonly called germs
leukocytes
cells that identify and destroy antigens. commonly called white blood cells
immune system
the system that governs the production of leukocytes
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
immunocompetence
the degree to which you can produce leukocytes and therefore are able to fight infection
health psychology
a specialty in which psychologists study relationships between behavior and health develop programs to enhance health, and develop treatment programs to change illness related behaviors
About this deck
By: Katie Wohletz
Textbook: Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Mental Processes
Created: 2010-11-08
Size: 87 flashcards
Views: 281
Textbook: Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Mental Processes
Created: 2010-11-08
Size: 87 flashcards
Views: 281
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy