Anatomy & Physiology 1 (Exam 1)

Biology 2010 with Biggers at University of Memphis

About this deck

By: Jordan Gentry
Textbook:

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora,Principles of Anatomy and Physiology)
Created: 2010-10-11
Size: 112 flashcards
Views: 1113

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S. Miller

came up with amino acids in 1950's

HeLa cells

Helen Lane

lady in hospital; hospital did not have permission to do study (took her ovary cells to study)

protoplasm

smallest piece of life we have; looks like saliva

elements of protoplasm

Charlie Hopkins Cafe Means Mighty Good Table Salt

(C H O P K I N S Ca Fe Mn Mg Na Cl)

condensation

taking water out

excretion

cellular waste material (anything left over by cells)

prokaryote

organism without a nucleus

ex: bacteria

eukaryote

organism with a good, true nucleus

ex: humans

germ cell

sperm or egg

somatic cell

all body cells (except sperm and egg)

somatic hybrid

formed when two cells fuse together

anabolism

to build up

catabolism

to tear down

TEM (transmission electron microscope)

expensive, large, much magnification; sees inside cell

SEM (scanning electron microscope)

looks at outside (surface) of cell

Watson and Crick

came up with double helix in 1953 (published in "Nature Science")

dioecious

two separate houses (either male or female)

ex: humans

monecious

one house (male and female)

ex: earthworms

pathology

study of diseases

biochemistry

study of biochemical molecules

comparative anatomy

compares anatomy of different species (study of evolution?)

nucleosome

(Nu Body) twist in DNA; 9 histones per Nu Body

nucleoprotein

protein inside nucleus (most common=histone)

non-electrolyte

dissolves in water but does not form ions (does not come apart)

ex: sugar

monosaccharide

single ring structure

ex: glucose, fructose, galactose

histology

study of tissues

ornithology

study of birds

chromatin

dark staining material inside chromosome; point where two chromosomes cross

Linus Pauling

came up with alpha helix

lipid

fat; used for energy and as building material

ex: fats, cholesterol, phospholipids

crystalloid

small; goes into solution; used to transport

ex: sugar

disaccharide

double ring structure

ex: sucrose=glucose-fructose (beets and cane)

maltose=glucose-glucose (grains)

lactose=glucose-galactose (milk)

immunology

study of antibodies

protein

one or more peptide chains

asymmetrical

without symmetry (without form)

colloid

large; thick (like white gravy); used for storage

ex: starch

anatomy

to cut up

physiology

study of function

botany

study of plants

zoology

study of animals

cryology

study of crystals

semiconservative theory

states that molecules come apart all the way down and each new molecule has half old molecule and half new

RNA

puts amino acids in correct sequence

paleontology

study of ancient individuals

genetics

study of origin (eugenics, heredity)

pathogenic virus

makes you sick; kills cell (cell breaks down)

nonpathogenic virus

does not make you sick; transfers gene over (you may or may not be affected)

transcription

from DNA to RNA

reverse transcriptase

from RNA to DNA (Baltimore discovered this)

metabolism

all chemical reactions in the body

bilateral

two equal sides

ex: humans

fluid mosaic theory

proteins are not stationary, they move around

vacuole

provide transportation and storage

mitochondria

power house of the cell (parasite inside every cell) helps break down food

radial

radiates from center

ex: starfish

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

hydrolysis

putting water in

feces

undigestable waste material

entomology

study of insects

chromosome

contains DNA, sometimes RNA; inside nucleus; never comes apart

oncogenes

cancer genes; located on chromosome

recombinant DNA

slice a gene (put a gene in) and get a new gene taht would never exist like that naturally

electrolyte

dissolves in water to form ions

ex: salt

peptide

chain of amino acids

ecology

study of houses

genome

all genes of an organism

bioinformatics

study of statistics and numbers

cytology

study of cells

biconcave

dead cell collapses when nucleus is taken out

longest cell

whale (250 feet)

lipid sandwich

cell membrane consists of two layers of lipid with protein molecules in the middle

freeze etch (freeze fracture)

technique when you put something in liquid nitrogen so it can be looked through

channel

allows specific substances to move through water filled pores (specific for different ions)

transporter

transports things to go through (by changing shape)

receptor

receives and holds on to molecules (alters cell function)

enzyme

breaks stuff down

cell identity marker

distinguishes cells from each other

linker

connects things together (anchors filaments inside and outside)

ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

conveys things to different places throughout the cell without causing disruption to them

smooth ER

no bumps; produces proteins and glycoproteins

rough ER

bumps; produces lipids

ATP

our energy molecule (we try to get it out of food)

conservation of molecules

we use the same molecule in more than one way

ribosome

function=protein synthesis

vaults

three times as large as ribosomes; octagonal shaped; carry mRNA; involved in cellular contractile systems (muscle contractions)

Where do lysosomes originate?

Golgi

Antony von Leeuwenhoek

father of microbiology; best known for his improvements to the microscope (examined cloth)

Carolus Linnaeus

laid the foundations for modern taxonomy (binomial nomenclature)

Loseph Lister

father invented the optical lens; known as the father of modern antiseptics (invented listerine)

Karl Landsteiner

discovered blood typing groups (ABO)

Willem Johan Kolff

invented the artificial kindey and heart

inspection

observation of body for any changes that deviate from normal

palpation

feeling body surfaces (gently touching)

auscultation

listening to body sounds

percussion

tapping body surface with fingers and listening to resulting echo

autopsy

postmortem examination of the body and dissection

diagnosis

science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another

medical history

collecting information about events taht might be related to a patient's illness history of present illness, past medical problems, chief complaint, family medical problems, social history, review of symptoms)

physical examination

orderly evaluation of the body and its functions

antioxidants

substances that inactivate oxygen-derived free radicals

EFA's (essential fatty acids)

cannot be made by human body; must be obtained from food or supplements

omega-3 and omega-6

polyunsaturated fatty acids that are believed to work together to promote health; decrease bone loss by increasing calcium utilization by the body; improve certain skin disorders; improve mental function

ex: flaxseed, fatty fish, walnuts, cereals, bread, eggs, meats

cis-fatty acid

nutritionally beneficial unsaturated fatty acids taht are used by the body to produce hormone-like regulators and cell membranes; when they undergo hydrogenation, they are changed to unhealthy trans-fatty acids

trans-fatty acids

increase total cholesterol, decrease HDL, increase LDL, increase triglycerides; increase risk of heart disease

ex: french fries, donuts, cookies, cracckers, cakes, donuts

digitalis

often given to patients with heart failure because it increases the force of contractions and thus strengthens the force of the heartbeat

Tay-Sachs disease

caused by faulty of absent lysosomal enzymes called Hex

genomics

the study of the relationships between the genome and teh boilogical functions of an organism

recombinant DNA

combination of DNA from different sources

genetic engineering

technology that has arisen from the manipulation of genetic material

tumor-supressor genes

produce proteins that normally inhibit cell division

progeria

disease characterized by normal development in the first year of life followed by rapid aging

werner syndrome

rare, inherited disease that causes rapid acceleration of aging (usually when person is only in 20's)

About this deck

By: Jordan Gentry
Textbook:

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora,Principles of Anatomy and Physiology)
Created: 2010-10-11
Size: 112 flashcards
Views: 1113

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy