Multi

Psychology 3535 with Peters at University of Minnesota - Morris

About this deck

By: Allison Sylvester
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 69 flashcards
Views: 44

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy

Sign up (free) to study this.

culture and behavior

All behavior happens in a cultural context

DSM

evaluates mental disorders however uses cultural context to further understand

five areas which a therapist should cover when making a cultural assessment

cultural identity
cultural explanation of illness
cultural factors related to social stressors/environment/ support system
cultural elements that are different between client/therapist
overall assessment - incorporate all

Somatization

express mental disorders through physical disorders
depression

prevalence

current rate of particular disorder
currently

Incidence

the number of new cases of a disorder diagnosed in a given period of time
this year

Lifetime Incidence

number of cases of a disorder that occurs during one's lifetime.

Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project (ECA)

largest health study 1980-1983

20% of US currently suffering mental disorder

phobia

People of color disproportionately higher rates
Blacks more likely to be diagnosed with more serious/SZ disordres

Whites mood/less serious/depression

Due to way that disorder presents self

National Comorbidiy Survey (NCS)

Higher overall rate for psychiatric disorders that ECA shown

nearly half sample meet at lease one diagnosis

Alcohol abuse
Not very ethnically diverse

Interaction between gender/race/phobia

Minorities and research

Minorities are normally a small sample

Asians when studied further lower rates of phobia

Higher rates of depression

Native Americans lack a large group study about them

more likely to have depression/suicide/alcoholism

two times the national average for suicide
No major difference for rate disorders However, environmental problems like parental violence, substance abuse and crime

Problems within Studies

Small sample sizes for some minority groups
Variation based on generational/acculturation/linguistics/SES

Mexicans born in the US higher mental issues then those born in Mexico

Therapist not always recognize cultural symptoms
DSM may not always cover all range of symptoms

Conclusions that can be drawn

prevalence for ethnic groups

see consistency around the world like SZ

See influence of culture on disorders like PTSD

immigrants most common 70% vietnam

Gender differences

NCS states there is no difference between men and women with RATE of mental disorder BUT gender difference in types of disorders experiences

Women internal- sadness/guilt/anxiety
Men external - alcohol/aggression

Differences can be explained by SOCIAL not Biological

Women have greater stress combining worker/homemaker

Socialization of Genders

Boys dont cry - dont show feelings

hide feelings by drinking

Cultural Bond Syndromes

disorders that tend to occur only in certain cultures

Brain Fag

Develop in cultural context

Eating Disorders Culture vs. Mental Disorder

Mostly White/Western Females

Asian similar to White desire to be thin
US cultural norms affect view of body image/satisfaction

Of individuals who need health care only one in

three receive care

Barriers to treatment

Negative out look on treatment

have experienced racism already in health services

class
culture
language

Cultural Bond Values

Core beliefs of one culture that relate principally to that culture and may be inappropriate for another.

Focus on individual/ group
Self-Disclosure (open/intimate)
Insight required
Difference between mental/physical disorder
Pattern of communication

Squeaky wheel gets the oil vs. the nail that sticks up is bounded down

Class Bound Values

Core beliefs of one SES class that relate principally to that class and my be inappropriate for another level of SES

Those of a lower class may be at a greater disadvantage/obstructed from receiving help. (lack money/coverage for therapy)

Study showed that counselors who thought a child was from a higher SES helped him more then of a lower one.

Language as a Barrier

differences in language /usage

Ebonics
English Speaking therapist/Spanish speaking client

ESL- cannot fully express self

Experience with Racism

Clients experience racism on a daily basis
therapist my not know their racist actions

Therapist beliefs of issues vs clients ideas for issues

mental vs. finding a job

Steps to addressing culturally sensitive topics

Train personnel in mental health agencies
est. separate services for minority groups within existing agency
create separate facility for the specific purpose of providing services to culturally diverse groups.

Levels of service

Provide service in native language
atmosphere open to cultural diversity
Fit mainstream treatments to cultural beliefs

design intervention methods that correlate to cultural ideals

Multicultural competency

the ability to work and be effective with individuals who are different from yours

awareness of own cultural assumptions
understanding of clients worldview
development of culturally appropriate intervention strategies /techniques

Matching

Analog -college students simulated study- asked if comfortable/ prefer ethically matched therapist
Archival- review clinic/hospital records look @ number of attended sessions/dropout rates
Process-Outcome- examines what happens in the actual therapy session

Successfulness of matching

depends on type of study used to examine sessions.

Culture-Specific Therapies

tailor intervention to needs/ characteristics of specific group. to be effective, psychotherapy must address specific issues that members of a particular group face.
Increased culturally specific more beneficial.

Applying Cultural Awareness to life

Awareness of own cultural attitude

being aware that personal attitudes may be heavily influenced by own culture / may be different from others

Understanding other Worldviews

Individual knowing that other cultures may have ways of seeing/interpreting the world in markedly different ways.

Development of Culturally appropriate Interpersonal skills

individual knowing how to apply knowledge about someone else's worldview to behaviors that appropriately take into account that knowledge = positive change

The 5 D's

Reactions to situations in which they feel different

Distancing
Denial
Defensiveness
Devaluing
Discovery

Distancing

avoiding the situation where one could feel different

Physical/Mental distance

Denial

Pretending that differences do not exist
Don't see color

Defensiveness

Defending/protecting oneself from pain/fear
I'm not racist

Devaluing

Evaluating a difference from oneself as unimportant/deficient
Measure success makes feel better
Freedom summer missionary attitude

Discovering

Embracing differences/seeking opportunity to gain familiarity

Three S's of Similarity

Why do we like what is similar/familiar?

Simple
Safe
Sane

Simple

Easy to stick with familiar

Safe

Feels comfortable

Sane

Being around others who are similar to self makes us feel normal/not so unusual.

Understanding others Worldviews

learning historical events
understanding sociopolitical events
knowing basic values
understanding cultural practices
know dynamics of racism/stereotypes

Develop interpersonal skills- culturally appropriate

awareness and skills

education/training
Experience/practice
Ask questions
Travel
Be an Ally

Health

complete state of physical/mental/social well being

Health affected by ability to receive care

Health behaviors

behaviors people take to enhance/maintain health

Health Psychology

study influence of how people stay healthy/why they become sick/how they respond when sick

Health Belief Model

A set of assumptions that suggest that ones health behavior is affected by ones perception of a personal health threat as well as by how a particular health practice would be effective in reducing the personal health threat.
LOOK AT PAGE 218

Causes of health care disparities

General health values
Specific beliefs about vulnerability to particular disorder
Beliefs about the consequences of the disorder

Racism and health care

Racism operates through varied personal/institutional pathways/fundamental cause of racial/ethnic disparities.

30% Hispanic/20% AA lack source of health care.
Hispanic children 3X more likely to have no health care then Whites

Poverty

Inequalities in wealth relate to inequalities in health.
Lack access/funding then Lack care/support

Structural Barriers

Language - poor communication with care providers
Geography- Rural areas lack access

Treatment

Unfair tx
racism leads to chronic stress- illness- suppressed response
AA more likely to be diagnosed with SZ more serious then Mood -Whites less serious depression
Factors like racism/poverty/barriers/form of tx lead to mistrust

Cultural Intelligence Article

Consider culture/behaviors/languages

Cultural Differences and the Therapeutic Alliance

Best when integration of characteristics/culture and preferences
Requires educating client and counselor
Therapeutic Alliance- quality of involvement between client/counselor demonstrated by teamwork/rappor
careful to micro-aggression- power dynamics person with privileged acts like better then other,

Feminist Changes to the DSM

Women are affected 2X more by anxiety then men
No evidence that women suffer from more hormonal disorders then men
Women more likely to give up their voice
one in four women victim of sexual abuse

Landrine and Klonoff stat that healthy people are health because

"innate physiological and health promoting behaviors
Sociocultural context shapes views.
In group- external
out group - internal

If someone has a LOW SES regardless of race

there is an increased chance of health issues

Higher chance of substance abuse as well

HIV is reported 12X higher for

Black women then White

AA have higher death rates for HIV/AIDS

Death rates of young people

AA 42% higher
NA 45% higher then
White

People of color are more likely to die from

treatable, preventable illnesses

Women receive less information about health regardless of

SES

AA have the highest incidence races for 13 of the

15 of the leading causes of death

Health Care providers and inequalities

Providers are human therefore they have
stereotypes
prejudices
racism
anxieties

5 Aspects of Quality Care

Effectiveness
Safety
Timeliness
Patient Centeredness
Equity

Equitable Advantage

given advantage to create equity
individualized solution to a institutionalized problem

pseudodementia

form of depression in older population
somatic symptoms

Drug charges and Racism

50 g crack = 10 years
5000g cocaine = 10 years

More whites use crack BUT more blacks are placed in jail for crack possession

Cultural variables that affect symptoms

Predisposition
Precipitation
Perpetuating
Protective

Predisposition

Biological and culture brings out more likely

Precipitating

Cause of stress - trigger issues

Perpetuating

Maintain disorder

Protective

Positive support system

About this deck

By: Allison Sylvester
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 69 flashcards
Views: 44

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy