- StudyBlue
- Tennessee
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville
- History
- History 241
- Roney
- Western Civ Midterm
Western Civ Midterm
History 241 with Roney at University of Tennessee - Knoxville
About this deck
By: Anonymous
Created: 2009-10-06
Size: 60 flashcards
Views: 653
Created: 2009-10-06
Size: 60 flashcards
Views: 653
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy
Sign up (free) to study this.
Alexander
Who/what: military commander, king
Where: Greece
When: 356-323BC
Why significant:
1. destroyed Persian empire
2. won every battle and made empire huge quickly
3. founded Alexandria, Egypt
4. empire fragmented into 3 kingdoms (Antigonids, Selucids, Ptolemies)
Where: Greece
When: 356-323BC
Why significant:
1. destroyed Persian empire
2. won every battle and made empire huge quickly
3. founded Alexandria, Egypt
4. empire fragmented into 3 kingdoms (Antigonids, Selucids, Ptolemies)
Alphabet
Who/what: way of writing without symbols
Where: Greece
When: 800BC
Why significant:
1. greater possibility literacy
2. 21 symbols; easy to learn, not time consuming
3. Phoenecians had no vowels, Greeks added vowels
4. Odyssey and Iliad written in
Where: Greece
When: 800BC
Why significant:
1. greater possibility literacy
2. 21 symbols; easy to learn, not time consuming
3. Phoenecians had no vowels, Greeks added vowels
4. Odyssey and Iliad written in
Ambrose
Who/what: one of four fathers of the Church, bishop
Where: Milan
When: 340-397AD
Why significant:
1. argued for independence of church
2. Idea of church above secular authority
3. church had power over rulers
4. introduced hymns
Where: Milan
When: 340-397AD
Why significant:
1. argued for independence of church
2. Idea of church above secular authority
3. church had power over rulers
4. introduced hymns
Apostolic Succession
Who/what: succession of leadership after the original apostles
Where: Rome
When: ?
Why significant:
1. churches set up by apostles were higher ranking
2. head church: Peter?s church, the bishop of Rome
Where: Rome
When: ?
Why significant:
1. churches set up by apostles were higher ranking
2. head church: Peter?s church, the bishop of Rome
Aristotle
Who/what: philosopher, teacher of Alexander the Great
Where: Greece
When: 384-322BC
Why significant:
1. believed the mind was superior to the world
2. studied ?what was?: material world over idealism
3. argued for inductive reasoning
4. collected evidence about the government/political system (150 ways to run a polis)
5. 3 categories: monarchy/tyranny, aristocracy/oligarchy, constitutionalism/anarchy
Where: Greece
When: 384-322BC
Why significant:
1. believed the mind was superior to the world
2. studied ?what was?: material world over idealism
3. argued for inductive reasoning
4. collected evidence about the government/political system (150 ways to run a polis)
5. 3 categories: monarchy/tyranny, aristocracy/oligarchy, constitutionalism/anarchy
Augustine
Who/what: bishop in Hippo (of North Africa)
Where: North Africa
When: 354-430AD
Why significant:
1. wrote City of God
2. converted by Ambrose
3. Rome attacked by Visigoths; Fear of Rome?s demise. stated that earthly world didn?t matter
4. All of his beliefs laid out in City of God accepted by Catholic Church except for predestination
Where: North Africa
When: 354-430AD
Why significant:
1. wrote City of God
2. converted by Ambrose
3. Rome attacked by Visigoths; Fear of Rome?s demise. stated that earthly world didn?t matter
4. All of his beliefs laid out in City of God accepted by Catholic Church except for predestination
Battle of Salamis
Who/what: naval battle between Athenians and Persians
Where: island of the coast of Attica
When: 480 BC
Why significant:
1. Persians were defeated
2. Athenian navy had larger ships, but were less navigable
Where: island of the coast of Attica
When: 480 BC
Why significant:
1. Persians were defeated
2. Athenian navy had larger ships, but were less navigable
Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
Who/what: first emperor of Roman Empire
Where: Rome
When: 63BC-14AD
Why significant:
1. wanted to get revenge from Caesar?s death
2. won Battle of Actium against Marc Antony
3. diverted Roman attention to sports instead of politics
4. provided stability during crisis
5. humble: ?princeps? = ?first citizen;? ?tribune? instead of ?emperor?
Where: Rome
When: 63BC-14AD
Why significant:
1. wanted to get revenge from Caesar?s death
2. won Battle of Actium against Marc Antony
3. diverted Roman attention to sports instead of politics
4. provided stability during crisis
5. humble: ?princeps? = ?first citizen;? ?tribune? instead of ?emperor?
Cicero
Who/what: politician, writer, equestrian
Where: Rome
When: 106-43BC
Why significant:
1. tried to piece Roman Republic back together
2. Concord of the Orders-can?t we all get along approach (for optimates and equestrians)
3. couldn?t control wealthy generals who wanted power
Where: Rome
When: 106-43BC
Why significant:
1. tried to piece Roman Republic back together
2. Concord of the Orders-can?t we all get along approach (for optimates and equestrians)
3. couldn?t control wealthy generals who wanted power
Cleisthenes
Who/what: mettic, originally foreign; ?Father of Athenian Democracy?
Where: Athens
When: 570-507BC
Why significant:
1. in 510, created the well-known Athenian democracy
2. threw out Solon?s 4 classes
3. divided Attica geographically into 10 demes/sections
4. made it where every man could attend/speak/vote in assembly
Where: Athens
When: 570-507BC
Why significant:
1. in 510, created the well-known Athenian democracy
2. threw out Solon?s 4 classes
3. divided Attica geographically into 10 demes/sections
4. made it where every man could attend/speak/vote in assembly
Cleopatra
Who/what: queen of Egypt and the Ptolemies
Where: Egypt
When:
Why significant:
1. involved with Julius Caesar while he was still married
2. involved with Marc Antony and kept independence
3. was losing Battle of Actium with Antony and commited suicide; left Octavian in charge
Where: Egypt
When:
Why significant:
1. involved with Julius Caesar while he was still married
2. involved with Marc Antony and kept independence
3. was losing Battle of Actium with Antony and commited suicide; left Octavian in charge
Commodus
Who/what: emperor and son of Marcus Aurelius
Where: Roman Empire
When: ruled 180-192AD
Why significant:
1. interested in what being emperor could do for him
2. nothing like his father
3. wasn?t popular; assassinated in 192
4. civil war when he died to gain power
Where: Roman Empire
When: ruled 180-192AD
Why significant:
1. interested in what being emperor could do for him
2. nothing like his father
3. wasn?t popular; assassinated in 192
4. civil war when he died to gain power
Concilium Plebis
Who/what: assembly of plebs in the Roman Republic
Where: Rome
When: 471BC
Why significant:
1. make laws pertaining to plebs (commoners)
2. political independence from patrictans
Where: Rome
When: 471BC
Why significant:
1. make laws pertaining to plebs (commoners)
2. political independence from patrictans
Constantine
Who/what: emperor
Where: Rome
When: 272-327AD
Why significant:
1. reversed persecutions of Christians from Diocletion
2. gave land to build churches
3. issued Edict of Milan
4. transformed Byzantium into imperial residence, Constantanople
Where: Rome
When: 272-327AD
Why significant:
1. reversed persecutions of Christians from Diocletion
2. gave land to build churches
3. issued Edict of Milan
4. transformed Byzantium into imperial residence, Constantanople
Council of Nicea
Who/what: meeting to find a standard/base of Orthodox Christianity
Where: modern-day Turkey
When: 325AD
Why significant:
1. bishops asked for one standard system of beliefs
2. decision became basis of modern-day Christianity
3. decided Christ was fully man, fully divine, and died/resurrected
4. based on Arian?s proposed theology
Where: modern-day Turkey
When: 325AD
Why significant:
1. bishops asked for one standard system of beliefs
2. decision became basis of modern-day Christianity
3. decided Christ was fully man, fully divine, and died/resurrected
4. based on Arian?s proposed theology
Crassus
Who/what: general under Sulla
Where: Rome
When: 115-53BC
Why significant:
1. tried to become wealthiest in Rome
2. manipulate politics to his advantage
3. in alliance with Pompey and Julius Caesar
4. involved in putting down Sparticus slave rebellion
Where: Rome
When: 115-53BC
Why significant:
1. tried to become wealthiest in Rome
2. manipulate politics to his advantage
3. in alliance with Pompey and Julius Caesar
4. involved in putting down Sparticus slave rebellion
Cynicism
Who/what: personal philosophy of Cynics
Where: Greece, Hellenistic period
When: 4th century BC
Why significant:
1. material goods=root of evil
2. participating in society=evil
3. renouncing pleasure
4. virtue=happiness
Where: Greece, Hellenistic period
When: 4th century BC
Why significant:
1. material goods=root of evil
2. participating in society=evil
3. renouncing pleasure
4. virtue=happiness
Delian League
Who/what: Greek alliance
Where: Attica
When: 478BC
Why significant:
1. members of League had to contribute ships and money with nothing In return
2. Parthanon and other buildings built with money contributed
3. to withdraw from League meant attack from Athenians
4. Athens dominated
Where: Attica
When: 478BC
Why significant:
1. members of League had to contribute ships and money with nothing In return
2. Parthanon and other buildings built with money contributed
3. to withdraw from League meant attack from Athenians
4. Athens dominated
Diocletian
Who/what: Roman emperor
Where: Roman Empire
When: 284-305AD
Why significant:
1. tried to hold the empire together
2. thought of himself as a living god
3. ruled by decree and thought he was above the law
4. split empire into east and west
5. increased size of Roman army where recruitment was hereditary
6. made all jobs hereditary
7. persecuted Christians
Where: Roman Empire
When: 284-305AD
Why significant:
1. tried to hold the empire together
2. thought of himself as a living god
3. ruled by decree and thought he was above the law
4. split empire into east and west
5. increased size of Roman army where recruitment was hereditary
6. made all jobs hereditary
7. persecuted Christians
Draco
Who/what: first legislator of Athens
Where: Athens
When: 7th century BC
Why significant:
1. ?draconian? = harsh laws
2. decided that death was best punishment, even for minor crimes
3. made laws in 621 BC
Where: Athens
When: 7th century BC
Why significant:
1. ?draconian? = harsh laws
2. decided that death was best punishment, even for minor crimes
3. made laws in 621 BC
Edict of Milan
Who/what: decree that Christianity was legal
Where: Milan
When: 313AD
Why significant:
1. legalized Christianity
Where: Milan
When: 313AD
Why significant:
1. legalized Christianity
Epicureanism
Who/what: personal philosophy
Where: Greece, Hellenistic period
When: around 300BC
Why significant:
1. goal in life is to peruse pleasure
2. engage in peace and quiet life
3. stay away from public affairs
4. based on teachings of Epicurus
Where: Greece, Hellenistic period
When: around 300BC
Why significant:
1. goal in life is to peruse pleasure
2. engage in peace and quiet life
3. stay away from public affairs
4. based on teachings of Epicurus
Gracchi Brothers
Who/what: Tieberius-tribune working with concilium plebis, Gaius-tribune
Where: Rome
When: 133BC, 123BC
Why significant:
1. G) provided cheap food in the city of Rome
2. G) enabled equestrians to be governors
3. G) proposed all Italians able to have Roman citizenship
4. T) limited size of Latifundia and gave extra land to veterans at a low cost
Where: Rome
When: 133BC, 123BC
Why significant:
1. G) provided cheap food in the city of Rome
2. G) enabled equestrians to be governors
3. G) proposed all Italians able to have Roman citizenship
4. T) limited size of Latifundia and gave extra land to veterans at a low cost
Hadrian
Who/what: adopted successor to Trajan
Where: Roman Empire
When: 117-138AD
Why significant:
1. Spanish (just like Trajan)
2. also expanded the empire
3. became popular and cultured by traveling all around the empire
4. adopted his successor, Pius Antonius
Where: Roman Empire
When: 117-138AD
Why significant:
1. Spanish (just like Trajan)
2. also expanded the empire
3. became popular and cultured by traveling all around the empire
4. adopted his successor, Pius Antonius
Herodotus
Who/what: ?Father of History?, ?Father of Lies?
Where: Greece
When: 484-420BC
Why significant:
1. wrote History of the Persian war (which otherwise would have been poorly documented)
2. included supernatural reason/explanation
3. included anything people told him whether true or false
4. first historian to gather information systematically
Where: Greece
When: 484-420BC
Why significant:
1. wrote History of the Persian war (which otherwise would have been poorly documented)
2. included supernatural reason/explanation
3. included anything people told him whether true or false
4. first historian to gather information systematically
Hesiod
Who/what: writer
Where: Archaic Greece
When: 700BC
Why significant:
1. wrote Works and Days
2. thought arête wasn?t restricted to warrior nobles, could be achieved through hard work
2. gods weren?t pity but had expectations and rewarded them
3. common people expected to work hard to get justice
Where: Archaic Greece
When: 700BC
Why significant:
1. wrote Works and Days
2. thought arête wasn?t restricted to warrior nobles, could be achieved through hard work
2. gods weren?t pity but had expectations and rewarded them
3. common people expected to work hard to get justice
Homer
Who/what: blind poet; might not have existed
Where: Greece
When: 800-500BC
Why significant:
1. Odyssey and Illiad
2. wrote using the Greek alphabet
Where: Greece
When: 800-500BC
Why significant:
1. Odyssey and Illiad
2. wrote using the Greek alphabet
Ionian Cosmologists
Who/what: teachers
Where: Ionian islands
When: 550BC
Why significant:
1. explained the universe with many different ideas
2. attracted students
3. beginning of developmental stage of Greek education
4. tried to make different rational explanations?not accepting Greek mythology (silly)
Where: Ionian islands
When: 550BC
Why significant:
1. explained the universe with many different ideas
2. attracted students
3. beginning of developmental stage of Greek education
4. tried to make different rational explanations?not accepting Greek mythology (silly)
Ius Gentium
Who/what: ?law of peoples?
Where: Rome
When: 242BC
Why significant:
1. based laws on idea of universal principal
2. dealt with legal issues, not about traditions/customs
3. tried to be fair to foreigners (non-Romans) across cultures
4. divided praetors into types
Where: Rome
When: 242BC
Why significant:
1. based laws on idea of universal principal
2. dealt with legal issues, not about traditions/customs
3. tried to be fair to foreigners (non-Romans) across cultures
4. divided praetors into types
Jerome
Who/what: one of the 4 fathers of the church
Where: Rome
When: 340-419AD
Why significant:
1. translated the Bible into Latin
2. book still the Bible of the Catholic Church
3. his translation preserved Christianity in western Europe (people only literate in Latin)
4. Vulgate Bible, took 20 years to translate
Where: Rome
When: 340-419AD
Why significant:
1. translated the Bible into Latin
2. book still the Bible of the Catholic Church
3. his translation preserved Christianity in western Europe (people only literate in Latin)
4. Vulgate Bible, took 20 years to translate
Julio-Claudians
Who/what: 4 successive emperors related to Augustus: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
Where: Roman Empire
When: 27 BC-AD 68
Why significant:
1. took power away from the Senate, giving it to themselves
2. not generally successful
3. Nero, the last one, committed suicide
4. (tyrannical but generally liked by common people)
Where: Roman Empire
When: 27 BC-AD 68
Why significant:
1. took power away from the Senate, giving it to themselves
2. not generally successful
3. Nero, the last one, committed suicide
4. (tyrannical but generally liked by common people)
Julius Caesar
Who/what: optimate class, general, emperor
Where: Rome
When: 100-44BC
Why significant:
1. enlarged senate from 600 to 900
2. citizenship to people in provinces of Italy (important people)
3. defeated Crassus and Pompey
4. Ides of March?assassination of Julius Caesar after saying he was dictator for life
5. conquered Gaul
Where: Rome
When: 100-44BC
Why significant:
1. enlarged senate from 600 to 900
2. citizenship to people in provinces of Italy (important people)
3. defeated Crassus and Pompey
4. Ides of March?assassination of Julius Caesar after saying he was dictator for life
5. conquered Gaul
Knossos
Who/what: capital of Crete
Where: near Greece; Crete
When: 2000-1375BC
Why significant:
1.Linear A ? Minoan writing system for accounting purposes
2. might have given rise to a ?maze?
3. indoor plumbing?bathrooms and sewers
4. gender equality?women could rise in hierarchy
5. long distance trade
Where: near Greece; Crete
When: 2000-1375BC
Why significant:
1.Linear A ? Minoan writing system for accounting purposes
2. might have given rise to a ?maze?
3. indoor plumbing?bathrooms and sewers
4. gender equality?women could rise in hierarchy
5. long distance trade
Lex Hortensia
Who/what: laws resulted from the struggle between patricians and plebs
Where: Rome
When: 287BC
Why significant:
1. plebs gained status of law
Where: Rome
When: 287BC
Why significant:
1. plebs gained status of law
Marathon
Who/what: battle between Persians and Athenians
Where: SE Attica
When: 490BC
Why significant:
1. Hoplite warfare
2. Athenians won surprisingly
3. 200 Athenians died, 6000 Persians died
4. After Persians lost, went back home
Where: SE Attica
When: 490BC
Why significant:
1. Hoplite warfare
2. Athenians won surprisingly
3. 200 Athenians died, 6000 Persians died
4. After Persians lost, went back home
Marc Antony
Who/what: one of Caesar?s generals
Where: Rome
When: 81-30BC
Why significant:
1. wanted to get revenge from Caesar?s death
2. controlled eastern Roman territory
3. propaganda battle with Octavian leading to Battle of Actium (Octavian wins)
4. involved with Cleopatra (both commit suicide, leaving Octavian in charge)
Where: Rome
When: 81-30BC
Why significant:
1. wanted to get revenge from Caesar?s death
2. controlled eastern Roman territory
3. propaganda battle with Octavian leading to Battle of Actium (Octavian wins)
4. involved with Cleopatra (both commit suicide, leaving Octavian in charge)
Marcus Aurelius
Who/what: last of the 5 Good Emperors
Where: Roman Empire
When: ruled 161-180AD
Why significant:
1. Stoic, best emperor
2. expanded the empire
3. religiously tolerant
4. did NOT adopt his successor; had real son, Commodus [then end of Silver Age]
Where: Roman Empire
When: ruled 161-180AD
Why significant:
1. Stoic, best emperor
2. expanded the empire
3. religiously tolerant
4. did NOT adopt his successor; had real son, Commodus [then end of Silver Age]
Marius
Who/what: born equestrian and became patrician; very effective general in Roman Republic
Where: Rome
When: 157-86BC
Why significant:
1. people not owning property could be in the military
2. gave land to veterans who served under him
3. gave Italians Roman citizenship (like Gaius Gracchus)
4. renewed food subsidy (like Gaius Graccus)
Where: Rome
When: 157-86BC
Why significant:
1. people not owning property could be in the military
2. gave land to veterans who served under him
3. gave Italians Roman citizenship (like Gaius Gracchus)
4. renewed food subsidy (like Gaius Graccus)
Paul of Tarsus
Who/what: apostle of Jesus?
Where: Rome
When: 10-67AD
Why significant:
1. supporter of Christianity and tried to convert non-Jews
2. met with apostle Peter to get rid of simultaneous conversion of Judaism and Christianity
3. tried to organize and structure the church
Where: Rome
When: 10-67AD
Why significant:
1. supporter of Christianity and tried to convert non-Jews
2. met with apostle Peter to get rid of simultaneous conversion of Judaism and Christianity
3. tried to organize and structure the church
Pax Romana
Who/what: ?Roman peace,? a period that lead to prosperity
Where: Roman Empire
When: 31BC-180 AD
Why significant:
1. Good trade and financial success
2. attention diverted to sports instead of politics?Gladiator shows. Circus Maximus
3. New equestrian class (fluid class system)
4. Gov?t bureaucracy replacing tax farming
5. military service extended from 6 to 20 yrs.
6. ?tribune? title used in place of ?emperor?
Where: Roman Empire
When: 31BC-180 AD
Why significant:
1. Good trade and financial success
2. attention diverted to sports instead of politics?Gladiator shows. Circus Maximus
3. New equestrian class (fluid class system)
4. Gov?t bureaucracy replacing tax farming
5. military service extended from 6 to 20 yrs.
6. ?tribune? title used in place of ?emperor?
Peloponnesian War
Who/what: three-phase war between Athens/Delian League and Spartans/allies
Where: Greece, Asia Minor Sicily
When: 431-404BC
Why significant:
1. 1/3 population of Attica died (filfth disease probably because of overcrowding)
2. aristocrats put government in Athens
3. Athenians went back to democracy
4. economic loss of Greece (spent a lot of money on war)
Where: Greece, Asia Minor Sicily
When: 431-404BC
Why significant:
1. 1/3 population of Attica died (filfth disease probably because of overcrowding)
2. aristocrats put government in Athens
3. Athenians went back to democracy
4. economic loss of Greece (spent a lot of money on war)
Pericles
Who/what: general, public speaker/persuasive, wealthy aristocrat
Where: Athens
When: 461-429BC
Why significant:
1. married a Hentairai/prostitute and treated as an equal (scandal)
2. popular because spent money on events (drama, arts) for common people
3. elected general every year until death
4. involved in reform of 462?jurors bribed, office holders held accountable and could be fired
Where: Athens
When: 461-429BC
Why significant:
1. married a Hentairai/prostitute and treated as an equal (scandal)
2. popular because spent money on events (drama, arts) for common people
3. elected general every year until death
4. involved in reform of 462?jurors bribed, office holders held accountable and could be fired
Persian Wars
Who/what: series of battles between Athens and Persia; rebellion against the Persian Empire
Where: SE Attica, Ionian islands
When: 490 and 480 BC
Why significant:
1. Athenians used Hoplite warfare because they were outnumbered
2. 481BC: formed alliances with other Greek city-states (persuaded Spartans)
3. about people, not land
4. Athens won naval battle, but Persians destroyed city by land
Where: SE Attica, Ionian islands
When: 490 and 480 BC
Why significant:
1. Athenians used Hoplite warfare because they were outnumbered
2. 481BC: formed alliances with other Greek city-states (persuaded Spartans)
3. about people, not land
4. Athens won naval battle, but Persians destroyed city by land
Pisistratus
Who/what: tyrant, popular and not harsh
Where: Athens
When: 550BC
Why significant:
1. centralized administration of justice ? everyone equal in court trials
2. centralized taxation ? all money flowed to Athens, not to the aristocrats
3. centralized the army ? one for the polis
4. accidentally helped with leading to democracy
Where: Athens
When: 550BC
Why significant:
1. centralized administration of justice ? everyone equal in court trials
2. centralized taxation ? all money flowed to Athens, not to the aristocrats
3. centralized the army ? one for the polis
4. accidentally helped with leading to democracy
Plato
Who/what: philosopher, student of Socrates
Where: Athens
When: 427-347BC
Why significant:
1. wrote a lot, unlike his mentor, Socrates
2. everything we know about Socrates comes from Plato
3. Plato answered questions unlike Socrates whom posed them
4. said ?no? to democracy
5. argued deductive reasoning
Where: Athens
When: 427-347BC
Why significant:
1. wrote a lot, unlike his mentor, Socrates
2. everything we know about Socrates comes from Plato
3. Plato answered questions unlike Socrates whom posed them
4. said ?no? to democracy
5. argued deductive reasoning
Septimius Severus
Who/what: general turned emperor after Commodus? assassination
Where: Roman Empire
When: (ruled 193-211AD)
Why significant:
1. from Africa
2. general who won the fight for power after Commodus? assassination
Where: Roman Empire
When: (ruled 193-211AD)
Why significant:
1. from Africa
2. general who won the fight for power after Commodus? assassination
Servius Tullius
Who/what: Estruscan, king
Where: Rome
When: 578-534BC
Why significant:
1. transformed Roman constitution
2. credited with reforming the army
3. initiated first census
4. build wall around Rome to protect the city
Where: Rome
When: 578-534BC
Why significant:
1. transformed Roman constitution
2. credited with reforming the army
3. initiated first census
4. build wall around Rome to protect the city
Socrates
Who/what: philosopher
Where: Greece
When: 470-399BC
Why significant:
1. accused of corrupting Athenian youth (losing Peloponnesian War)
2. never wrote anything
3. disliked sophists ? they took money and gave answers (unlike him; challenged every answer)
4. considered a ?gad-gly?/annoying
Where: Greece
When: 470-399BC
Why significant:
1. accused of corrupting Athenian youth (losing Peloponnesian War)
2. never wrote anything
3. disliked sophists ? they took money and gave answers (unlike him; challenged every answer)
4. considered a ?gad-gly?/annoying
Solon
Who/what: came up with new political system
Where: Athens
When: 594BC
Why significant:
1. created 4 classes according to wealth: Aristocrats and 3 lower
2. made economic and political changes
3. freed debt-bonded slaves (who were originally free)
4. gave Athenian citizenship to skilled artisans (known as metics)
Where: Athens
When: 594BC
Why significant:
1. created 4 classes according to wealth: Aristocrats and 3 lower
2. made economic and political changes
3. freed debt-bonded slaves (who were originally free)
4. gave Athenian citizenship to skilled artisans (known as metics)
Sulla
Who/what: general, dictator
Where: Rome
When: 138-78BC
Why significant:
1. went to battles that were almost over and claimed victory of them
2. made concilium plebis powerless
3. Italian War-attacked non-surrendering Italians
4. increased size of senate to 600
5. Reign of Terror: 90/300 senators executed; bounty on people opposing his view
6. civil war could be an avenue to power (precedent)
7. generals could become dictators (precedent)
Where: Rome
When: 138-78BC
Why significant:
1. went to battles that were almost over and claimed victory of them
2. made concilium plebis powerless
3. Italian War-attacked non-surrendering Italians
4. increased size of senate to 600
5. Reign of Terror: 90/300 senators executed; bounty on people opposing his view
6. civil war could be an avenue to power (precedent)
7. generals could become dictators (precedent)
Themistocles
Who/what: Metic, leader
Where: Athens, not Greece
When: 490-480BC
Why significant:
1. built up Athenian navy: building warships
2. 481BC - made alliances with Greek city-states, including Sparta
3. convinced city of Athens to vacate
4. helped to win the Battle of Salamis
Where: Athens, not Greece
When: 490-480BC
Why significant:
1. built up Athenian navy: building warships
2. 481BC - made alliances with Greek city-states, including Sparta
3. convinced city of Athens to vacate
4. helped to win the Battle of Salamis
Theodoric
Who/what: Germanic, King of the Ostrogoths
Where: Rome
When: 493-526AD
Why significant:
1. wanted to restore classic Rome with himself in power (at the top)
2. given title ?patrician? by the eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople
3. his empire was subordinate to the eastern Roman empire; No interference
Where: Rome
When: 493-526AD
Why significant:
1. wanted to restore classic Rome with himself in power (at the top)
2. given title ?patrician? by the eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople
3. his empire was subordinate to the eastern Roman empire; No interference
Theodosius
Who/what: Spanish, emperor of Rome
Where: Rome
When: 379-395AD
Why significant:
1. put Roman Empire back together (after was split into east and west by Constantine)
2. strict Orthodox Christian who hated Arianism
3. declared that Orthodox Christianity was the official religion
4. began persecuting non-Christians in empire by 391AD
Where: Rome
When: 379-395AD
Why significant:
1. put Roman Empire back together (after was split into east and west by Constantine)
2. strict Orthodox Christian who hated Arianism
3. declared that Orthodox Christianity was the official religion
4. began persecuting non-Christians in empire by 391AD
Thuclydides
Who/what: historian
Where: Greece
When: 495-460BC
Why significant:
1. much more critical/truthful than Herodotus
2. made sure information gathered was correct
3. author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
4. father of ?scientific history?
Where: Greece
When: 495-460BC
Why significant:
1. much more critical/truthful than Herodotus
2. made sure information gathered was correct
3. author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
4. father of ?scientific history?
Trajan
Who/what: Spaniard who became one of the 5 Good Emperors
Where: Roman Empire
When: ruled 98AD?117AD
Why significant:
1. Spanish, not Roman
2. Expansion renewed, gained more territory
3. Because Spanish, indicated that other places in the empire were important
4. adopted his successor, Hadrian
Where: Roman Empire
When: ruled 98AD?117AD
Why significant:
1. Spanish, not Roman
2. Expansion renewed, gained more territory
3. Because Spanish, indicated that other places in the empire were important
4. adopted his successor, Hadrian
Twelve Tables
Who/what: beginning of Roman law
Where: Rome
When: 450BC
Why significant:
1. banned and repealed in 367BC
2. posted throughout Rome ? gave public no excuse to break laws
3. said patricians and plebs could not wed
4. one consul must be a pleb
Where: Rome
When: 450BC
Why significant:
1. banned and repealed in 367BC
2. posted throughout Rome ? gave public no excuse to break laws
3. said patricians and plebs could not wed
4. one consul must be a pleb
Zeno
Who/what: Stoic philosopher
Where: Athens
When: 334-262BC
Why significant:
1. thought the universe was created by a god with laws to operate and people should abide
2. to be happy in life was to find your place/role and do it with the best ability with happiness
3. divided philosophy into logic, physics, and ethics
4. founder of Stoic school of philosophy in Athens
Where: Athens
When: 334-262BC
Why significant:
1. thought the universe was created by a god with laws to operate and people should abide
2. to be happy in life was to find your place/role and do it with the best ability with happiness
3. divided philosophy into logic, physics, and ethics
4. founder of Stoic school of philosophy in Athens
theodosius
Who/what: Spanish, emperor of Rome
Where: Rome
When: 379-395AD
Why significant:
1. put Roman Empire back together (after was split into east and west by Constantine)
2. strict Orthodox Christian who hated Arianism
3. declared that Orthodox Christianity was the official religion
4. began persecuting non-Christians in empire by 391AD
Where: Rome
When: 379-395AD
Why significant:
1. put Roman Empire back together (after was split into east and west by Constantine)
2. strict Orthodox Christian who hated Arianism
3. declared that Orthodox Christianity was the official religion
4. began persecuting non-Christians in empire by 391AD
solon
Who/what: came up with new political system
Where: Athens
When: 594BC
Why significant:
1. created 4 classes according to wealth: Aristocrats and 3 lower
2. made economic and political changes
3. freed debt-bonded slaves (who were originally free)
4. gave Athenian citizenship to skilled artisans (known as metics)
Where: Athens
When: 594BC
Why significant:
1. created 4 classes according to wealth: Aristocrats and 3 lower
2. made economic and political changes
3. freed debt-bonded slaves (who were originally free)
4. gave Athenian citizenship to skilled artisans (known as metics)
sulla
Who/what: general, dictator
Where: Rome
When: 138-78BC
Why significant:
1. went to battles that were almost over and claimed victory of them
2. made concilium plebis powerless
3. Italian War-attacked non-surrendering Italians
4. increased size of senate to 600
5. Reign of Terror: 90/300 senators executed; bounty on people opposing his view
6. civil war could be an avenue to power (precedent)
7. generals could become dictators (precedent)
Where: Rome
When: 138-78BC
Why significant:
1. went to battles that were almost over and claimed victory of them
2. made concilium plebis powerless
3. Italian War-attacked non-surrendering Italians
4. increased size of senate to 600
5. Reign of Terror: 90/300 senators executed; bounty on people opposing his view
6. civil war could be an avenue to power (precedent)
7. generals could become dictators (precedent)
About this deck
By: Anonymous
Created: 2009-10-06
Size: 60 flashcards
Views: 653
Created: 2009-10-06
Size: 60 flashcards
Views: 653
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy