Exam 3 Multiple Choice

AP US History with Benak at Brownsburg High School

About this deck

By: Vicki Consolvo
Textbook:

The American Pageant
Created: 2011-11-18
Size: 77 flashcards
Views: 334

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Important Battles of the War of 1812 - Most devastating for the British

-Battle of New Orleans - Andrew Jackson defeats 8,000 British troops
-Baltimore, British fleet was beaten back by privateer defenders of Fort McHenry; where Francis Scott Key wrote Star Spangled Banner
-Battle of Thames: General William Henry Harrison defeats British and raises morale for war effort

Major Causes of the Panic of 1819

Fewer exported goods going from America to Europe, leading to farmers and business unable to pay back loans from banks, causing banks to go under

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland wanted to limit power of federal government, placed tax on all notes that came from banks outside of state; James McCulloch didn't want to pay the tax and went before Supreme Court; Court decided Maryland could not tax the bank's duties; case declared that the United States government had implied powers as well as those specifically listed in the Constitution; gave the doctrine of "loose construction" its most famous formulation

Marbury v. Madison

Marbury had been commissioned Justice of the Peace during "midnight commissions" of John Adams at end of his presidency; the new president Madison did not deliver the commission and Marbury sued him; case established that the Supreme Court could determine the constitutionality of laws (judicial review)

Cohens v. Virginia

Cohens were found guilty by Virginia courts of illegally selling lottery tickets, had appealed to the Supreme Court and lost, but Marshall asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review the decisions of the state supreme courts in all questions involving powers of the federal government. The federal government won, the states lost.

Fletcher v. Peck

The first case in which the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional, the decision also helped create a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts, and hinted that Native Americans did not hold title to their own lands

Gibbons v. Ogden

When New York tried to grant a monopoly of waterborne commerce, Marshall struck it down by saying that only Congress can control interstate commerce, not the states themselves; it was another blow to states’ rights.

The outcome of the War of 1812 was

an upsurge in American Nationalism

Andrew Jackson's political philosophy - What were his thoughts on strength of federal government

Jackson supported a small and limited federal government; strongly against the national bank; supported states' rights

Whigs' portrayal of William Henry Harrison

Made him look like a poor and common man, a "poor man's president"; supposed to live in a log cabin, etc.

Erie Canal

it shortened the expense and time of transportation (to one twentieth what it was before); cities grew along the canal and the price of food was reduced

Interchangeable parts and mass production

Eli Whitney introduced machine-made inter-changeable parts; this was the base of the assembly line which flourished in the North, while the cotton gin flourished South

Foreign markets for U.S. cotton - After invention of the cotton gin (What European country imported the most)

European economy was dependent on cotton, especially Great Britain; cotton was needed for Britain's dominant textile industry

Effects of the transportation evolution

allowed larger amounts of cargo to be carried faster, boosted economy

Brook Farm, MA

Massachusetts experiment (1841) where 20 intellectuals committed to Transcendentalism (it lasted until ‘46)

Oneida, NY

practiced free love, birth control, eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring; it survived ironically as a capitalistic venture, selling baskets and then cutlery.

Shaker Heights, OH

a communistic community (led by Mother Ann Lee); they couldn’t marry so they became extinct

Most successful communitarian experiment

Oneida community

Maine Law of 1851

prohibited making and sale of liquor; sponsored by Neal S. Dow

Prejudices that limited women's access to higher education- Why were women discouraged from seeking higher education

women were perceived as weak physically and emotionally, but fine for teaching; the belief that too much learning would injure women's brains and ruin their health

Influences on transcendental thought (how did transcendentalists develop their philosophy)

for transcendentalists, truth came not by observation alone, but from inner light; it stressed individualism, self-reliance, and non-conformity

As a revivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney advocated

opposition to alcohol, public prayer by women, opposition to slavery, and a perfect Christian kingdom on earth

Characteristics of slaves and slave life in the mid-nineteenth century United States

spared the most dangerous jobs; hard work, no civil or political rights, and whipping if orders weren’t followed; most slaves were raised in stable two-parent households; mixed the Christian religion with their own native religion

Nat Turner

Semiliterate preacher that led 1831 slave revolt

David Walker

Black abolitionist, wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829 and advocated a bloody end to white supremacy.

John Quincy Adams

led the fight against the gag rule (rule which prevented congress from hearing anti-slavery petitions); was considered by many to be the leader of the anti-slavery faction in congress

Denmark Vesey

Free black that led 1822 Charleston slave rebellion

Gabriel Prosser

Led 1800 slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia

In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was

armed insurrection

Henry Clay's position on Texas in the 1844 election

while he personally favored annexing slave-holding Texas (appeal to south), he also favored postponement (appeal to north); tried to "ride two horses at once"

Cause of migration to the Oregon country

attracted by the rich soil of the Willamette River Valley

Key concepts/policies of the American System - Who came up with the American System

1. high tariff on imported goods so that American goods will be bought instead
2. Internal improvements will be funded (National Road, Erie Canal)
3. 2nd Bank of the US will be established
-created at end of War of 1812 by Henry Clay

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on the North, South, West, and immigrants (Who was impacted most/least)

South flourished from cotton; expanded the cotton kingdom to the West; textile production in the North flourished; there were plentiful amounts of immigrants willing to work in factories which hurt the effectiveness of the union

Davy Crockett

Slain hero of the Battle of the Alamo

Sam Houston

Was chief and leader of the Texas rebels

Bernardo Galveston

Spanish colonial governor and general

George Dallas

U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and the 11th Vice President of the United States (1845-1849), serving under James K. Polk.

Stephen Austin

Established the first major Anglo settlements in Texas under an agreement with the Mexican government; advocated for Texans' rights; wanted to bring slaves into the region; briefly imprisoned by Santa Anna for inciting rebellion

Specie Circular

states that debts must be paid in specie (gold or silver); contributed to panic of 1837

This president's election was a victory for the two-party system (he was a Whig), and also the first hard cider log-cabin president

William Henry Harrison

Samuel B. Morse

invented the telegraph that connected the business world when he asked, “What hath God wrought?”

Cyrus McCormick

invented the mechanical mower-reaper to harvest grain; led to large-scale production and growth of cash crops

Robert Fulton

invented the first steamboat, the Clermont in 1807; caused an increase of U.S. trade because there was no concern for weather and water current

Eli Whitney

built a cotton gin; led cotton economics to become profitable

John Deere

invented the steel plow that cut through hard soil and could be pulled by horses

Life on the frontier can best be described as

challenging

The cult of domesticity

widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker; women began to have more moral influence over their families and were more valued

Nativism

belief that foreign immigrants would out breed, outvote, and overwhelm the "native stock" of Americans that were already there

The Second Great Awakening derived its religious strength primarily from

Methodists and Baptists

The term "Burned-Over District" refers to

New York, with its Puritans, preaching “hellfire”

Joseph Smith

claimed to have found golden tablets in NY with the Book of Mormon inscribed on them. He came up with the Mormon faith, officially called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

Charles Grandison Finney

the greatest revival preacher who led massive revivals in Rochester, NY

Mother Ann

Led the Shaker community

Brigham Young

succeeded Joseph Smith after he was killed, led Mormon followers to Utah

William Lloyd Garrison

published the first edition of The Liberator triggering a 30-year war of words and in a sense firing one of the first shots of the Civil War

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women's activist and abolitionist; is associated with the Women's Rights and Women's Suffrage Movement

Dorothea Dix

an American activist on behalf of the insane; fought for reform of the mentally insane in her classic petition of 1843; created the first generation of American mental asylums

Robert Owen

founded New Harmony, IN (1825) though it failed in confusion

Horace Mann

fought for better schools and is the “Father of Public Education”

Frederick Douglas

Was an escaped black abolitionist; a great speaker and fought for the Black cause despite being beaten and harassed; increasingly looked to politics to solve the slavery problem

During the 19th century, most Americans considered women to be superior to men in the area of

moral sensibility and artistic refinement

Seneca Falls, NY

The Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention was held in NY in 1848, it was a major landmark in women’s rights

Who was reputed to have said: "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it?"

Andrew Jackson

Manifest Destiny

a concept that stated that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent and get as much land as possible

Missouri Compromise

Missouri would be admitted as a slave state while Maine would be admitted as a free state, thus maintaining the balance (it went from 11 free states and 11 slave states to 12 and 12). All new states north of the 36°30’ line would be free, new states southward would be slave.

Corrupt Bargain

Henry Clay used his leverage as speaker of the house to win John Quincy Adams the presidency over Andrew Jackson; Adams then made Clay secretary of state

John Marshall's affect on the federal government

decisions of the Marshall Court are still basic to American law; his decisions emphasized how the federal government was supreme over state powers; made "broad construction" of the Constitution the prevailing law of the land

The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Bacon's Rebellion

The immediate reason for Bacon’s Rebellion was Indian attacks on frontier settlements; was supported mainly by young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land

Education and colonial America (which region supported education the most)

there was a lot of homeschooling, then grammar and secondary schools eventually developed; New England valued education the most

Ohio River Valley and conflict (European powers competing for the land)

Both France and England wanted the territory

Republican belief held that the stability of society and the authority of the government

depended on the virtue of its citizenry

Purposes of the Declaration of Independence

to explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted

The American Revolution caused northern states to __________ slavery

abolish

The Bill of Rights was intended to protect _______ against the political tyranny of _______

individual liberties; a strong central government

Thomas Jefferson's ideals vs. the realism of the presidency

believed in a strict interpretation of the constitution; whatever wasn't permitted was forbidden; contrasted directly with Hamilton, but ended up leaving his financial plan intact when he became presdient

The Mayflower Compact can best be described as

a promising step toward genuine self-government.

About this deck

By: Vicki Consolvo
Textbook:

The American Pageant
Created: 2011-11-18
Size: 77 flashcards
Views: 334

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj