Cell Structure, Communication and Transport

Biology 001 with Mitchell at University of Vermont

About this deck

By: Hannah Haeberle
Textbook:

Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (9th Edition)
Created: 2010-11-04
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 97

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Organelles

Storage and replication of genetic material
Controls gene expression
Influences type and extent of cell activities

Ribosomes

Synthesize (construct) proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth:

Lipid synthesis (construction)
Membrane Construction
Storage/Release ions

Rough:

Membrane production
Secretes proteins

Golgi

Modifies proteins
Sorts proteins

Prokaryote

Cell without nuclei
Protoplasm

Eukaryote

Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane is made up of...their functions are...

Semipermeable Membrane

Amphipathic phospholipids for bilayer - barrier function

Fatty acid tails, phosphate head

Proteins insert into /move within bilayer or attach to surface - selectivity

Channels ( for ions only) Type of transport?

Facilitated Diffusion
Stimulus molecule binds to and opens to allow ions to pass
Creates electrochemical gradient
Passive Transport

Types of Channels (3)

Voltage Gate - doorbell and door
Ligand Gate - key and lock
Mechanical: physically pushing door

Facilitators / Type of transport?

Enzyme binds to protein changing it's shape transporting molecule across membrane
Passive transports

Pump / Type of transport?

Uses energy to force protein up concentration gradiant
Active Transport

Cotransporter / Type of transport?

ex. Uses energy from high gradient of hydrogen (result of pump) to bring sucrose into cell
Active Transport

What causes an increase in membrane fluidity?

Cholesterol attaches to phospholipid
Phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tales

Isotonic Surroundings

Amount of fluid/solutes inside and outside the cell is balanced

Hypotonic Surroundings

Amount of solutes (like salt) is greater outside cell pulling out water through osmosis

Exocytosis

Vesicles merge with plasma membrane and excrete material

Endocytosis - Pinocytosis

Dimple forms in plasma membrane
Deepens to surround extracellular fluid
Membrane encloses fluid forming a vesicle.

Endocytosis - Phagocytosis

Plasma membrane extends pseupods towards particle (ex.food)
Ends fuse to encircle particle
Vesicle forms containing engulfed particle

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor proteins localized at pit sits
Receptors bind the molecules and membrane dimples inward
Coated pit region of membrane encloses receptor bound molecules
Coated vesicle containing bound molecules is released into the cytosol

Signal Transduction Order

Reception
Transduction
Response

Signal Transduction Includes/Their purpose

G-proteins - cellular on/off switches
"second messengers"
Series of enzymes (often kinases) - amplify response

Pathway Crosstalk

Enhances cells ability to adapt to environmental change by overlapping signal pathways

Peroxisome

detox

Secretory

null

Phagocytic/Endosome

uptake materials

Lysosome

digestion

About this deck

By: Hannah Haeberle
Textbook:

Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (9th Edition)
Created: 2010-11-04
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 97

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj