Bio First Semester Study Guide
Biology with Coachmo at David Lipscomb Campus School
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How do vacuoles in plant cells differ from animal cell vacuoles?
Plant cell vacuoles are usually larger
Carbohydrate
What molecule provides the information necessary for cells to be able to reproduce accurately by mitosis?
DNA
If a cell is placed in pure water, what is likely to happen?
More water will enter the cell than leave the cell
What process is illustrated by oxygen moving form areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration?
Diffusion
What process is illustrated by water moving from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration?
Osmosis
The attractive forces between particles of the same kind is known as…
Cohesion
A certain substance is a liquid at room temperature, has no color, and dissolves table salt. What is the substance?
Water
What is described as the stable internal conditions that all living things are capable of maintaining?
Homeostasis
Although carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are different types of molecules, they are similar in that they…
Contain C, H, and O
What is the name of the theory that states that all cell come from existing cells, that the cell is the basic unit of all living things, and that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells?
The Cell Theory
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in a plant cell?
To perform photosynthesis
In the cell, what organelle is used primarily to store food, water, and cellular wastes?
Vacuoles
Which of the following features would not be found in an animal cell?
Nucleus, Chloroplasts, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria
Nucleus, Chloroplasts, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
What plant organelle makes food?
Chloroplast
What would one call the structures inside a eukaryotic cell that perform the functions that sustain life?
Organelles
What structure in the eukaryotic cell would contain the cell's genetic material?
Nucleus
In the eukaryotic cell, what structure burns sugar to release energy?
Mitochondria
In meiosis, what is the name of the process whereby portions of chromatids break off and attach to adjacent chromatids of its sister homologous chromosome?
Crossing-over
During what stage of mitosis do the chromatids separate into individual chromosomes?
Anaphase
Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are all examples of what type of transport?
Passive Transport
What is the name given to all of the chemical reactions occurring within the cells of an organism?
Metabolism
What does one call the building block of all proteins?
Amino Acids
Amino acids are made up of a central carbon, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and ___.
Amino Group
Which of the following would NOT be an element?
Carbon, Sulfur, Oxygen, Water, Hydrogen
Carbon, Sulfur, Oxygen, Water, Hydrogen
Water
Name the 7 characteristics of living things, please.
1. Organization and Cells
2. Response to Stimuli
3. Homeostasis
4. Metabolism
5. Growth and development
6. Reproduce
7. Change through time
2. Response to Stimuli
3. Homeostasis
4. Metabolism
5. Growth and development
6. Reproduce
7. Change through time
What biologically important compound could be described as having helixes and beta-pleated sheets?
Proteins
What is the biologically important compound that may contain a glycerol head and three fatty acid tails?
Lipids
What biologically important compound has the formula C6H12O6?
Simple sugars like glucose
Name an organelle in the eukaryotic cell that contains DNA other than the nucleus?
Mitochondria or Chloroplasts
What are the 2 main differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
2. Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles
2. Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles
What cellular component controls the movement into and out of the cell?
Cell membrane
What cell organelle is the control center for reproduction and protein making?
Nucleus
What cellular organelle is directly associated with the making of proteins?
Ribosomes
In what mitotic stage does the spindle appear?
Prophase
In what mitotic stage does a new nuclear membrane appear?
Telophase
In what mitotic stage do the centrioles divide and move to opposite poles of the cell; the chromosomes thicken and become visible, and the nuclear membrane disappears?
Prophase
What is the name of the process when cells move substances across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient?
Active transport
What is the name of the molecule that is the primary component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
In what stage of the Cell Cycle does the DNA material duplicate?
S phase
What would one call the structures found embedded in the cell membrane that are used for transport across the membrane and as attachment points for other structures?
Proteins (Integral, Peripheral, and Transmembrane)
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two nuclei is called…
Mitosis
What type of specialized sex cells are produced during meiosis?
Gametes
If one halves the chromosome number in a diploid cell, what would the resulting chromosome number be?
Haploid (1N)
Name the type of membrane transport that involves the bringing in of large quantities of liquids (solvent) into the cell.
Pinocytosis
What is the way in which water and glucose get into the cell the fastest?
Facilitated diffusion
What does one call the energy of motion?
Kinetic Energy
What is the name of the energy molecule that is called on most often to power the processes of living things?
ATP
What is it called when a cell surrounds a food particle and takes it into the cell for digestion?
Endocytosis (in particular- Phagocytosis)
What is the name of the steady internal state that a cell strives to maintain even if it has to expend energy?
Homeostasis
What form does eukaryotic DNA take during interphase of the cell cycle?
Chromatin
In what stage of the cell cycle does the DNA spend the most time maturing to full grown?
G1
What is the name of the division of the cytoplasm that happens at the end of the cell cycle?
Cytokinesis
What is the shape of the prokaryotic DNA?
Circular (Loop)
What does one call pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter?
Element
What does one call a a pure substance that is made up of atoms of two or more elements?
Compound
What does one call the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and can exist in a free state?
Molecule
What is the key word for covalent bonding; describes the way the electrons interact during the bond?
Sharing
What is the key word for ionic bonding; describes the way the electrons interact during the bond?
Transfer
What would one call the –OH functional group?
Hydroxyl
What would one call the –COOH functional group?
Carboxyl
What would one call the –NH2 functional group?
Amino group
In general, what would one call a compound that results from the linking together of lots of monomer subunits?
Polymer
What is the name of the property of water when the water molecule wants to stick to different particles, especially those with any kind of electrostatic charge?
Adhesion
What is it called when, in Prophase I of Meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes line up with their sister chromosomes?
Synapsis
Which of the following terms would you associate with genetic variability? Mitosis or Meiosis
Meiosis
In what substance would an animal store carbohydrate?
Glycogen
Why are some amino acids called essential?
Because they must be part of the organism's diet
What main organic compound could be called the machinery of the cell?
Proteins
What is the name of a category of substance that is able to lower the amount of energy needed to start a reaction?
Catalyst
What type of fat is liquid at room temperature and has at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its fatty acid tail?
Unsaturated
What is the substance called that is tailor-made for a specific biochemical reaction; functions by lowering the activation energy; it has a substrate and an active site?
Enzyme
What large, nonpolar molecule is an important energy storage compound?
Lipid
This membrane encloses a cavity and coils through the cytoplasm. It is externally studded with ribosomes. Proteins are modified for transport to the golgi body and other sites in this structure. It also synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol.
ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Name three biologically important nucleic acids.
DNA, RNA, ATP
Amino Acid
Nucleic acid
What is the name of the C-N bond that joins amino acids together to make a protein?
Peptide bond
What is a protein's favorite activity?
Folding
What is the name of molecules that shared the same chemical formula but have different structures?
Isomers
Steroid
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cell Wall
Whatis the production of sperm cells called?
Spermatogenesis
Whatis the production of the ovum called?
Oogenesis
Name the three ways that God has given us to insure that we are unique genetically
- independent assortment
- crossing-over
- random mating
The light reaction of photosynthesis takes in sunlight and water. What does it produce?
Oxygen
The Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis takes in CO2, ATP, and NADPH. What does it produce?
Glucose
What compound brings electrons to the electron transport chain of photosynthesis?
Water
What compound takes away the electrons from the electron transport chain of photosynthesis?
NADPH
In what cellular structure does photosynthesis, both light reactions and the Calvin Cycle, take place?
Chloroplast
Inside the chloroplast, in what structure does the light reaction take place?
Thylakoid
Chemiosmosis carries out the production of ATP. What enzyme facilitates this reaction?
ATP Synthase
What is the general formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -------------------------> C6H12O6+ 6O2 (in the presence of light)
Cellular Respiration
Organic Compounds (Glucose)
Glycolysis
ATP
No oxygen present
Oxygen present
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Aerobic Respiration
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Alcoholic Fermentation
Glucose (Organic Compounds)
Glycolysis
ATP
NADPH
Pyruvic Acid
In what cell structure does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
In what cell structure does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Lactic Acid Fermentation
NAD+
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic Fermentation
Carbon Dioxide
NAD+
Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
Mitochondria
Formation of Acetyl CoA
NADH
Carbon Dioxide
Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
NAD and FADH2
ATP
Carbon Dioxide
Electron Transport Chain
ATP
What is the general formula for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
About this deck
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy