EXAM 1 The Science of Nutrition - PART 1

Nutritional Sciences 132 with Anderson at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: Amanda Saffold
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 193

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj

Sign up (free) to study this.

Anectdotal Evidence

The report of one person's experience

Not highly reliable or valuable, could be risks or coincidence
Ex) I bought those tires and they were horrible
Just because it works for them doesn't mean it will work for you

Placebo Effect

Belief that a treatment has an effect when it doesn't

People are different (size, genetics, etc)

Scientific Method

More systematic look of experience

1. Asking a question

2. Formulate a hypothesis

- ask in a way it can be studied (yes or no)

3. Test Hypothesis/Conduct Experiment

4. Collect Data

5. Evaluate

- confirm or reject, if rejected reformulate hypothesis

Experimental Design

Group Types
Study Types

Group Types

Experimental Group
Control Group

- Group should be as identical as possible

i.e. age, health, weight, etc.

Experimental Group

Receives the treatment

Control Group

Receives no treatment

Study Types

Intervention
Observation

Intervention

Change some factors in a person's life

Observation

Watch a person and take notes

Experimental Design in Nutrition

a. Case Studies

b. Epidemiological Studies

c. International Correlations

d. Exercise

e. Case Control

f. Animal Studies

g. Human Intervention Studies

Case Studies

Anecdotal evidence, but proves nothing
Suggests a direction for research

Epidemiological Studies

Observational
Conducted on a population on itself
Variation can occur within a group
Do differences in the outcome overtime correlate with exposure?
Correlation doesn't prove cause and effect

International Correlations

I.e. Fat intake and breast cancer

Countries with high fat intake = high breast cancer

Confounders

Other factors that confuse the study (muddy the waters)

I.e. pollution, radiation, diets, life expectancy, birth rate, genetics, healthcare, medicine etc

Multi-factorial

Many things involved that can cause the result

Execise

Anecdotal evidence
More exercise the healthier the individual?

Case Control

Match a case with a control
Ex) Matching a breast cancer patient with a control
I.e. a woman without breast cancer who has similar smoking, exercise status etc.
Compare their dietary intake of fat and did the breast cancer patient eat more fat (shows association or correlation)

Animal Studies

Generally Interventions
Treatment group and control group and compare the outcomes

Human Intervention Studies

Clinical Studies
Test medicine, surgical treatment etc.

1. Ethical Limitation

2. Humans aren't genetically uniformed

3. Take a long time

4. Expense

Ethical Limitations

You can't hurt someone or bring a risk

Randomization

Assign people to a treatment and control group randomly

Double Blind Experiment

The person handling the pills isn't informed on which pill they are giving out

Generalizability vs. Control

How safely can you generalize the study's finding to real life people?

- Finding something in rats is less generalizeable

Animal studies have a high degree of control

Evaluating Results

The more different types of studies, the more solid the agreement will be

About this deck

By: Amanda Saffold
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 193

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj