Cultural Anthropology Terms/Ideas

Anthropology 100 with Strier, Karen B. at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: rosie meyer
Textbook:

Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Humans: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology
Created: 2010-12-18
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 153

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culture no 1

close to the popular use of the term; the arts, knowledge, habits, and customs of a people

culture no 2

"refers to the symbolic resources and practices that peole use to bring meaning and significance to their social and political economic exsisitances.

collective, learned, socially distributed

used to improvise in social life

no presumption about the boundaries or its sharedness

Ethnography

To describe or write about peole and their social and cultural life. aimed at the descriptive analysis.

Intimate encounters on global horizons

Always involves: selection- choosing materials, emphasis- background and foreground, distortion- misunderstanding, perspective- stand point

Partial Positioned Provisional

Emic

seeing something from a natives point of view

from an insider

Etic

seeing something from a non native point of view

from an outsider

Monoliguism

using only one language

not typical

Multilingualism

using two or more languages

typical

Liguistic Realativity- Sapir Whorf Hypothesis

Speakers of a different language are led by these languages to different ways of understanding and living in the world

Phonetic

an outsiders view of the small diffentialble categories of sound recognized

Phonemic

an insiders view of the small differentiable categories of sound recognized

Conceptual Realativity

The relationship between the sound-image and the concept is arbitrary and congenital

Conceptual systems vary from language to language. Realativity is Characteristic

If concepts were the same everywhere and dictated by the nature of the brain, then human and knowledge and experience should be identical except for the "labels culture and language would not matter they would only mask and distort.

Liget

Ilongot for anger and a bunch of other stuff. in english you cant sum it up in one word.

Berlin-kay Color Terminology

Cross-culture look at basic color categories

There are a bunch of different terms and some cultures only see two or three different colors when we have so many different ones

Linguistic Labor

Diverted to Dehli

Liguistic Signs

There is nothing about the physical look of a word that dictates how it is pictured

William Labov

New York and Social Class

Fourth Floor vs Fawth Flaw

Language Taboos

Guugu Yimidhirr taboos on speaking to mother inlay

Males must use avoiding language with brother inlaw

Speech Economy

the echange or traffic in speech resources

Speech Acts

Doing things by speaking

Speech events

organized speech acts

Code switching

Bilingualism and Multilingualism

have political and economic rationals. when people in china started calling their kids weird names

Linguistic standardization

associated with modern nation-states and print

Globialization

Happens through/to language

Languages around the world are increasingly brough into practical and political relationships with each other

uneven distribution means some will die out

Modern World System

Captitalism, improved communications and transport, industrial expansion, rise of nationstates, population growth and movement, widening differences in wealth and consumption

Fetish

Objects attributed with intentionality or power

over vallued objects connected with desires

emerged in 17th century

Foraging (Hunting+ Gathering)

Collecting wild plants and game

small movie bands

flexible gendered division of labor

recipriocal sharing of food and possessions

largely egalitarian

Horticulture (Shifting Cultivation)

the planting and harvesting of garden crops without the intensive use of land and labor

includes maintaining livestock

sedentary society, with land as a key resource, generates surplus for local exchange

gendered division

Agriculture

The intensive use of land and labor to grow crops

includes maintaining domesticated animals for work

sedentary communities, property is key

generates a surplus for market exchange

gendered division of labor

social stratification

Pastoralism

herding animals for food and trade

diet needs need to be supplemented

migratory or nomatdic

dependent on market exchange with agricultural communities

sharp gender hierarchy

Reindeer people!

Enviornmental Injustice

foragers, herders and horticulturalists forced to marginal lands by nation states in the world capitalist society

the poor and the racially stigmatized put at environmental risk

enviormental movements and co management

Redistribution

Movement of goods to a center and then re-alloted back to consumer-producers

Market

exchange of goods at prices based on supply and demand

Generalized reciprocity

giving without expectation of immediate return

Balanced receprocity

giving with expectation of return within specified time

Kula Ring

Necklaces exchangedc for armshells as prestige gifts between trading partners

objects gain value and reputation through circulation

gift giving stabilized trade of other goods

Kwakiuti Potlatch

Monster child of gift system

example of prestige economy

Capitalism

fThe investment of money to make a profit

requires markets, mobile cpaital, mobile wage labor

creates separation of work and labor

disembedded capital, labor, production and consumption

Gender division of space

mens lodge in new guinea

the menstrual hut =/

Sex and Gender

Physiological features and sexual orientation do not determine gender

like color terms, it is variable

flexible and diverse sexual orientation and practices

Kaluli and Etero

Semen is a Life force, menstrual blood is polluting men fear women and have little heterosexual contact

Kaluli-ingestion and insemination

Etero- insemination

Bissu- Sulawasi

Ritual transvestism and trans gender

bissu watches over ceremonies

wards off evil or magic

Berdache

Native American male cross dresses as a female

Hijra - India

Cross Dressing males as females

often prostituted for sex

Matrilineal

Traced through mother of ego, the siblings of the mother, and her sisters children

Patrilineal

traced through father of ego, the siblings of the father, and his brothers children

Incest Taboos

Prohibition on sex or marriage with "close" realatives

Exogamy

marrying outside of a group, clan exogamy, village exogamy, household exogamy

Endogamy

marrying with in the group, caste endogamy, lineage endogamy

Sororate

When the wife dies, the husband marries her sister

sister exchange

Leverite

When the husband dies, the wife marries the brother

Restricted Exchange

sister exchange

two lineages exchange spouses

lineages in a gift relationship

General Exchange

circulates spouses

wife giving

wife recieving

Polygamy

many Wives

Polygyny

patrilineal societies

Polyandry

matrilineal societies

Dowry

Bride-->groom

Bride wealth

groom--> bride

bride service

groom --> bride

Patrilocal

Residence with husbands relatives (virilocal)

Matrilocal

residence with wifes relatives (uxorilocal)

nayar

Before british rule in India

Matrilineal, all the women, their daughters, and their children live in one big house. The girls marry someone from a different clan, they are together for three days, then the wife is free to take as many lovers as she wishes

Purity and Danger

Things that are "pure" are kept closer to the gods- shrines, mens lodge

Things that are "danger" are kept away like menstrual huts

Rights of Passage

Marks an important stage in the life cycle

birth marriage death

three phases: separation, transition, reincorporation

State

Centralized institutions Monopoly on "Legit" violence Subjects

Nation States

Citizenship and official Languages

Requires communication and participation between "strangers"

More encompassing category than family or ethnicc group

mediate between the individual and the global order

Nationalism

Source of Identity and aspirations

Source of loyalties

a way of thinking about being "a people" and fitting into a broader world system

The Globalization of Images

Mediated culture: Experienced through viewing

Compress or surmount cultural distances

generate transnational phenomenon

Princess Diana Funeral

Transnation phenomenon

Diverted to Dehli

Globalization as a linguistic phenomenon language, economic power, culture

Linguistic labor driven by politica-economic forces

codeswitching to american /australian/indian english

regimentation of language accents and practices

linguistic and sociocultural knowledge and inseparable

call centers as 24/7 language sweat shops

First Contact

Film document of colonial encounter, capitalism meets pre capitalist society

coercion, deception, and terror on the part of the austrailians

australian goal: exploitation, labor, and extraction, rationalized by their superior sense of culture

unequal power

shattering moment when old certainties are called into question and women are exploited

Shamanism

is a range of traditional beliefs and practices that involve the ability to diagnose, cure, and sometimes cause human suffering because of a special relationship with, or control over, spirits. This tradition has existed all over the world since prehistoric times.

About this deck

By: rosie meyer
Textbook:

Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Humans: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology
Created: 2010-12-18
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 153

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj