music final notes

Music 120 with Hanford at University of Washington - Seattle Campus

About this deck

By: Travis Scott
Textbook:

Music: An Appreciation, 6th Brief Edition
Created: 2010-06-08
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 215

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj

Sign up (free) to study this.

Atonality

Complete abandonment of tonality or key centeredness.
Schoenberg's 12-tone technique is an example.

Tonality

Being in key and having a central key called the tonic key.

Expressionism

Emotional Life and the modern person
Stressed intense subjective emotion
Schoenberg
Alban Berg ==> Wozzeck
Arnold Shoenberg
Alban Berg
Anton Webern
Harsh dissonance and fragmentation
Their works avoid tonality and traditional chord progressions.

Sprechstimme

The technique of half-speaking, half singing developed by Schoenberg.
Used in Wozzak by Berg

Polychord

Two chords on top of each other to create fresh harmonies.

Polyrhythmic texture

Two or more contrasting independent rhythms at the same time.
Different meters at different times.
It often has ostinato

Several rhythmic units piled on the top of another.

Symbolist poetry

Content of the poem no longer have literal meaning but represent something larger than the poem.
The Afternoon of faun by Stephane Mallarme
Debussy's prelude to the Afternoon of Faun
Expression rather than description

Twelve tone technique/serialism

It gives equal prominence to each of the 12 chromatic tones.

Schoeberg made it.

Selective Orchestration

Debussy and Stravinskey's compositional techniques.
Includes a percussion section: five timpano, tuned antique cymbals, and gongsl and guiro

Impressionism

Musical style that stresses atmosphere, Tone color, and fluidity.
Typical of Debussy.

The Second Viennese School

Arnold Schoenberg
Alban Berg
Anton Webern

Aleatory (Chance) Music

Music in which one or more of the compositional elements have been left to chance.
John Cage used it.

Prepared Piano

Putting objects inside the piano to transfer the timber of the music.
John Cage started it in Seattle.

Minimalism

It stresses clean shapes, clear colors, and undecorated lines.
It features mostly consonant sounds, regular pulse, and short melodies made up of very simple musical elements.
repetition
Glass, Steve Reich, and John Adams (all Americans)
Interesting timbers
Often uses Phasing

Phasing

When two or more instrumentalists or singers perform the same musical pattern at different intervals of time.

Steve Reich

Music Concrete

Coined by Pierre Schaeffer
Music prepared from recorded sounds either natural or human-made.

Tape Music

General term for electronic

Pentatonic Scale

Five-tone produced by the 5 black keys on the keyboard.
Debussy

Whole-Tone Scale

Unusual and tonally vague scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next.
Creates a blurred, indistinct effect.

Primitivism

Used in the Rite of Spring by Stravinkey
Did not last long

Neo-Traditionalism

Both radical and conservative.
Schoenberg

Theatre des Champs-Elysees

Igor Stravainsky performed The Rite of Spring in here in Paris 1913.
Huge riot

The Unanswered question

Charles Ives
Programmatic work.
What is the meaning of life?
Tone Clusters
Three layers of styles continue on w/o ever connecting.

Tone Clusters

Ives
In the Unanswered question
chord made up of tones only a half step or a whole step apart.
Made by fisting the keyboard.

Bitonality

Approach to pitch organization using two keys at one time
Ives

"Chords with No names"

Debussy's response to his teacher

Inversion and Retrograde

null

Klanfarbenmelodie

Musical technique that involves distributing a musical line or melody to several instruments, rather than just one.
Adds timber and texture.
Schoenberg coined the term.

Ear-Stretching exercises

Ives used it in the unanswered question

Appalachian Spring: Theme and Variations on "Simple Gift"

A ballet score composed by Aaron Copland

Asymmetrical meters

Any meter whose measures can not be divided into equal beats.

Ethnomusicology

The study of non-western music and music in society.

Diatonic Scale

Do-Re-Mi etc. Scale -major and minor tonalities.

Dies Irae

From Mass for the Dead: Berlioz/Symphonie fantastique.

Claude Debussy

null

Aaron Copland (1900-1990)

His works are usually strongly tonal.
He uses techniques such as polychords, polyrhthm, changing meters, and percussive orchestration.
He composed The Appalachian Spring

Please, Please Me

1963
Producer was George Martin.
AABA form
It begins with instrumental introduction and has a melodic contour.

Norwegian Wood

Acoustic guitar plays melodic theme.
Joined by Eastern Indian Sitar playing theme in unison

Tomorrow Never Knows

Noise is becoming of interest.
ABAA or AABA or just AAABAAAA
Sonic Landscape
Lani Delama praying on the top of the mountains.

John Cage

Chance Music
Prepared piano

Sergei Diaghilev

Produced Boris Godonoc, an opera by modest Mussorgski

Steve Reich

American composer
He used Piano Phasing
Minimalist

Edgar Varse

Poem Electronic.

riternello

A returning instrumental passage. A repeating musical idea that unifies an extended work.

ritornello form

common form of the 1st and last movement of Baroque concerti. Alternating sections of solo (or soloists) and tutti (full orchestra) passages.

basso continuo

provides the foundation of bass line and chords that function as support for melodic content. As little as one instrument.

Figured Bass

Bass part of the Baroque accompaniment with figures (numbers) indicating the chords to be played.

Recitative

"Heightened Speech". To push the plot of the libretto. Each syllable gets one note.

Aria

Solo voice. The showcase for vocal ability. Often done in recitatives. It exists in emotional time revealing the inner feelings of a character.

Dido

Queen of Carthage. She has lost her beloved. She sings her recitative. She uses word painting to show the darkness with a short melisma.

Aeneas

The lover of Dido who leaves her to fulfill his destiny.

Lutheran Cantata

Composition for several movements, usually written for chorus, one or more vocal soloists and instrumental ensemble.

Oratorio

Large scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually to a narrative text, but w/o acting, scenery, or costumes. Often based on Biblical stories.

Sonata Form

Single movement consisting of three main sections:

Exposition, where the themes are presented.
Development, themes are treated in new ways.
Recapitulation, themes return.
Mozart, symp #40 in G minor 1st movement
Beethoven, symp # 5 in C minor, 1st movement.

Minuet & Trio

Derived from Dance in three parts:

Minuet (a), trio (b), minuet (a)
Often used in the 3rd movement.

"Heiligenstadt Testament"

Suicide letter from Beethoven to his brother.

The 9th (choral) Symphony

The finale for the combined forces of orchestra and choir by Beethoven.

The 6th Symphony (Pastoral)

Five movements.
Beethoven's program music.
It later inspired Berlioz to write Symphony Fantastique.

Wunderkind

Mozart

He wrote comic style Italian operas.
He wrote Don Giovanni.
41 symphonies.
Opera in German and Italian.
Wunderkind

Lied (Lieder)

Most important form of Art Song -- A miniaturized opera by Schbert.

Strophic Form

Vocal form in which the same music is repeated for each stanza of a poem

Through-composed

Vocal form in which there is new music for each stanza of a poem.

Cadenza

Unaccompanied section of virtuoso display for the soloist in a concerto.

Fermata

Element of musical notation indicating that the note should be sustained for longer than its note value would indicate.
Bach often used it.

Tempo Rubato

Slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo to intensify the expression of the music, often used in the Romantic period.

Idee Fixe

A single melody used in several movements of a long work to represent a recurring idea.
Berlioz.

Programmatic Symphony

Related to a story, idea, or scene, in which each movement usually has a descriptive title.
Hector Berlioz
Symphonie Fantastique

Symphonie Fantastique

Hector Berlioz
An attempt to work out dramatic ides in the framework of a Beethoven symphony.
This work was inspired by the The 6th symphony of Beethoven.

Ophecleide

Gives strength to the march. The tube became its substitute.

La donna e Mobile

By Verdi.
Orchestration: One big guitar.

Tristan und Isolde

Begins in but never resolves tonal instability.
It pointed the way towards the harmonic language.
Wagner

The ring Cycle

A tale of Germanic gods and demigods, all greedy for a gold ring forged by the Nibelungs.
Many leitmotifs are used.
Wagner

Leitmotif

Wagner's means for large-scale organization.

The repetition of motivic ideas.

Short musical idea associated with a person or object or thought
Occurring melodic ideas for swords, fires, etc...

Symphony from the New World

Dvorak.
Themes reflect African-American musical traditions.
Pentatonic scales (five note scales)

About this deck

By: Travis Scott
Textbook:

Music: An Appreciation, 6th Brief Edition
Created: 2010-06-08
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 215

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj