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History 103 Finals Study guide
History 103 with Cottrell at California State University - Chico
About this deck
By: danielle ghiglieri
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 126 flashcards
Views: 38
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 126 flashcards
Views: 38
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A. Japanese Roots
1. Great depression apparent isolation and economic vulnerability
2. growing concern about security interests
3. period of military expansion 1931-1941
Roots continued
a. emergence of military dictatorship following numerous "patriotic murder"= killing those you don't agree with (Mussolini did this too)- in Germany trying to wipe out the Democracy= Weimar republic
Roots continued
b. 1931 incursions into Manchuria and Western response- 1932/1933 Japanese moving southward- Japanese troops enter Manchuria- do not rule with a light hand. Silencing all opposition- they are carrying out their own medical experiments
Roots continued
c. full scale war with China- Japanese invasion of China- hundreds of thousands of troops- 400,000 people being slaughtered- autocrity of Manking- 10's of thousands of rapes
Roots continued
d. FDR's Quarantine speech and trade clash with the US-1937- Congress had neutrality laws in place- FDR had many restrictions regarding military involvement- college campuses had anti war campaigns b/c everyone felt that the US was tricked into WW1
B. Italy's Attack of Ethiopia
War for wars sake. since facsism needs the glory of a victory- Mussolini. Haile Selassie=emperor of Ethiopia
C. Spanish Civil War
1. The Republicans
2. Soviet assistance
3. Franco and the Falangists
4. German and Italian assistance
5. the brigades
-600,000 low estimate of death toll
George Orwell
involved with a Trotsky group that was being targeted by the communists- wrote 1984
Pablo Picasso
self professed communist- painted Guernica
Salvador Dali
provides support for Franco- painter that painted the "melting clocks painting"
Ernest Hemingway
wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls
Franco
borders are closing- Spanish refugees flee to France- 1 million will be put into concentration camps by Franco- Franco wins
D. Nazi Germany Aggression
1. totalitarian state- state completely in the hands of the 1 party/ 1 entity
2. remilitarization
3. expansionist designs
-Gobbels= propaganda leader for Hitler
b. Appeasement policy of England and France
= The Munich Pact
1938 Hitler demands control over Czechilslovakia (Munich Pact)
Winston Churchill was the ONE British leader who was completely opposed to Germany taking over Czech
Axis Powers
Hitler (Germany), Hirohito (Japan) and Mussolini (Italy)
Additional Aggression
Spain, Czech and Albania have fallen
Summer of 1939- Nazi and Soviet non aggressions pact between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia they come together so they can "rape" Europe
H. Outbreak of WWII
1. conquest of Poland
2. Nazi blitzkrieg
Baltic Republic and Finland
- Stalin has desimated his army- wiped out all of the old generals
Renewed German Offensive
German invasion of Norway- German invasion of Denmark- German invasion of Belgium-German invasion of the Netherlands (Holland falls in 5 days b/c the country was divided)
German invasion of France (France had the biggest army in Europe)-collapsed
offensive continued
Attack on Britain (London), Ireland, Scotland- the Blitz- crippling all of these countries for 4 years but Britain stands strong- famous photo of St. Paul's Cathedral with smoke in the background
Edward R. Murrow
newsman from CBS- voice of London- he is there with Brits and telling the US about everything (US still had neutrality laws)
Winston Churchill
Conservative (good) becomes Prime Minister in 1940- warned everyone about the problems of fascism in the 30s " we shall never surrender"
U.S. Response
FDR-push but too many neutrality laws- calls for a lend/ lease program= we send supplies and Britain leases army/ naval bases= undeclared war on Germany- pulls the US out of the Great Depression- NOT the New Deal
War in the Pacific
Japans Great East Asia Co=prosperity sphere
Operation Barbossa
German invasion of the USSR- Germany wanted land and a place to put their people- wanted to wipe out the communist state made up of "sub-humans"
invasion of 4 million German soldiers-June 1941
Russians fight back when Stalin makes the fight about Russia
Atlantic Charter
US- open world "Wilsonian Views" open trade with the Atlantic
Japanese Aggression
Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
3,500 Americans killed in Hawaii
German Final Solution (Hitler)
The final solution and resistance
The final solution = target Europes 9 million Jews and wipe them out- 6 million were killed
The Abyss, Existentialism and post-war intellectual development
A. Pain of the Great Depression- the Horrors of WWI
1. economic calamity- untold number 50-80 million people dying during WWII
2. total warfare accentuated-fire bombing and atomic bombing
3. civilian victims
The Abyss continued
4. from Manchuria (Japan's secret experiments) to Aushuwitz (German death camps) to Hiroshima (America dropping the Atomic bomb)
Intellectual Response
1. early attraction to communism then rejection
2. defining moments and purge trials, Spanish Civil War, Nazi-Soviet Pact, later Soviet invasion of Hungary- non aggression agreement began WWII
Writers
Stephen Spender England- apart of communism then "jumped" off at the begining of the Cold War- poet
Louis Fischer- US writer
Arthur Kessler- Hungarian ex patriot wrote novel dissecting Moscow trials
Classic Literary words
The God that Failed- has essays from all of the above writers
George Orwell
Animal Farm "All men are enemies. All animals are comrades? All animals are equal but some are more equal than others"
George Orwell continued
Orwell continued to think of himself as a Socialist- he wanted to wipe out the image of Russia because it wasn't sacred- democrat with a small "d"
1984- story of Winston Smith- government taking over everything
Hannah Arendt
writer who escaped the death camps wrote the "Origins of Totalitarianism" = difference between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia
Reinhold Niebur
THe Children of Light and the Children of Darkness- tried to paint every party in a different light. Put Nazi's in the dark and Soviets in the light
Existentialism
belief that man is all there is- man's responsibility is to himself not God
1. Stark interpretation of reality
2. roots in Kierkegaurd and Nietzche
3. influence of Germany's Frankfurt school- attempts to meld Marx and Freud
Existentialism continued
4. Martin Heidegger- doesn't become an ex-patriot= helps foster existentialism= individualism
5. French philosophers- Jean Paul Sarte and Simone De Beauvior= lovers
Encapsilation of existentialism
Feminist manifesto- Simone De Beauvior
"Man is..nothing else but what he makes of himself"-Sarte
"There is no determinism, man is free, man is freedom"- Sarte
"Man is defined as a human being and woman as female whenever she behaves a human" Beauvoir
Albert Camus
"A man with out ethics is a wild best loosed up on this world"- wrote "The Stranger" about a protagonist who murders someone and wonders why
"every revolutionary ends up either by becoming an oppressor or heretic"
Theater of the Absurd
Samuel Beckett- Ireland
Britains Angry Young Men
John Osbourne- England- before the Beatles.
Post War American Writers
Norman Mailer- 1st to make a big splash- Angry Young Men in American "The Naked and the Dead"
James Jones
pre war- Pearl Harbor- character played by Cliff Truit= being forced to box and he explodes saying you must be true to yourself
Arthur Miller
A Death of a Salesman and writes the Crucible
- comparing the Cold War to the Salem Witchtrials
Tenessee Williams
A Street Car Named Desire- he was homosexual
Kurt Vonegut
POW during bombing of Dresden- Slaughter House 5 "So it goes"
also wrote Cats Craddle
Ralph Ellison
The Invisible Man- black writer
William Appleman Williams
Cold War is all the fault of the Russians= new school of History
Second Harlem Renaissance
Jacob Lawrence- painter
-Jazz, Be-bop, re-bop= Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie
The Beats- a small circle of friends= Beatnicks (Allen Ginsberg)
War time and Post war cinema
Orsen Wells- Citizen Kane- 1941 wrote the script . stared in it and directed it
the story is of the life and times of William Hearst and yellow journalism
Maltese Falcon
Humphrey Bogart- Also stared in Cassablanca
He is a private investigator
plays the character of Rick Blaine in Cassablanca
Rebel with out a Cause
James Dean- move place to place (played the character of Jim) instead of dealing with the problems of the kid- parents won't stand up for him
Marlon Brando
Street Car Named Desire-made blue jeans "cool"
Marilyn Monroe
Bus Stop- exudes sexuality and sensuality- first pin up for playboy
The New Art World
NYC- Abstract Expressionism- Action Painting (literally throwing paint onto the canvass) New York School of painting= physical aspects of painting- splashes and aggression
Modern Dance and Music
Josef Albers, Merce Cunningham
John Cage- most famous for "4:33" The musicians literally don't play for 4:33 the music is the sounds coming from the audience and participation
Pop Art
Mid 50's focus on pop culture
Jim Dine "the crash"
Andy Warhol
Performance Art- Yoko Ono- people could cut her clothes on stage
Rock N Roll
mid 50s
Holy Quartet:
Elvis Presley
Chuck Berry
Little Richard
Jerry Lee Lewis
Modern Cinema
Pawl Newman- "Cool Hand Luke" and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Stanley Kubricks- Dr. Strangelove
Steve McQueen- Bullet
Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty- Bonnie and Clyde
The Cold War
A. Europe in chaos-deep rooted- US and Soviet Union- cold war doesn't end until 1990ish started around 1942 ish= nearly 50 years of struggle
Cold War= Vietnam, Korean War and Afghanistan
Cold War continued
1. ravages of War
2. reshuffling of balance of power- Americans and Soviets never really actually fight each other- involves pitting one set of ideas against another- anti-fascist vs. anti-colonial war- Soviets are still believing Stalin type communism
Cold War Continued
America= the counter and leader revolutionary power
50-80 million people died in WWII= Cold War is the result of further weakening of European empires
one oppressive power has replaced another= Marxism/Leninism replaces Nazi oppression
Cold War continued
Wilsonian and FDR believes of open world and open trade plus anti= communism = American stance to counter Soviet Union
Impact of Cold War
a bipolar world - each side looks at the opposite sides as an "other"
Stalinization
Not nationalist communism- of Eastern Europe non communist forces pushed out
Anti-Communism
The Red Scare- belief in the need to hold communism back at all costs-paranoia that the US and Western Societies would be taken over by communism
Stalin's Declaration
1946- he doesn't think the alliance- co-existence between communist and non communist states would ever happen
The long Telegram/ Containment
George Kennan or "Mr.X"- warned about Soviet Unions designs and being imperialistic and dictorial- comes up with a strategy= theory of containment = that the Soviet Union is an aggressive force and that the US needed to withstand then "contain" them
The Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill- what the Soviet Union did to win the war, acknoweldged their strength BUT he said there was a divide an "iron curtain" a split b/w those who back Soviet Ideals
Politics of Fear
The Red Scare- J. Edgar Hoover- made up facts= bluster- they do it because of Patriotism
Hoover said there were more communists in American than in Russia= said it scare everyone
Nixon painted his opponents as communist so he could win
National Security State
terrible for Democrats- Truman began to adopt anti-communist ideals- National Security Act set up National Defense, CIA and National Security and united all branches of the military
Marshall plan
economic plan to help support war torn Europe- to help re-build it "recovery"= initiated by Europe itself- invites participants in Europe- 13 billion in Western Europe- does benefit American enterprise- the beneficient side of containment
Hungary and Czech
Stalinization 1948- moved in to take over and won
The Berlin Blockade
The airlift- Berlin located in the East and itself was split- Communist put up blockade and the airlift from US, Britain and Canada sent foot and supplies to the Western side- Stalin finally took down the blockade
Yugoslavia
The one that got away and liberated by its own- Joespia Tito- moves away from Soviet Union so US and West gave assistance to them to piss off the Soviet Union
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization- anti-communist military alliance
Mao's triumph
Red China- Chaing Kai Shek's empire crumbles= Truman pulls the plug- Mao comes to power 1949
McCarthyism
Joseph McCarthy- Feb 1950 Senator from Wisconsin= domestic Cold War least respected person on the senate- strange fixation on those accused of war crimes
needed a platform to run on for re-election- accused state department of harboring communists
The Korean War
June 1950 Korea had been divided North= communist, and South = anti-communist (38th parallel)
North (Kim El Sun) got the "thumbs up" from Stalin and invaded South Korea- 3 years, 2milion koreans died
Gen. Douglas MacArthur helped the South with UN force
The begining of a Thaw
1. death of dictator Stalin dies- 1953 was constructing an anti-semetic push against doctors "Doctors plot"
2. riot in the workers state in east Germany and Berlin= opposing and challenging the workers state (Stalinist Communism)
Thaw continued
3. de- stalinization= Kruschev different paths to socialism- 1956 Kruschev relelations- de-faming Stalin and blames Stalin for everything
4. Eastern Europe reacts- Poznan revolution
Thaw continued
5. Hungarian revolution- hungarian uprising 1956- calling for Soviets to get out, especially those within the Warsaw pact
Imer Nagy
supportive of Hungarian Revolution= 20,000 died- Budapest (?) executed in the Soviet Union- even though Kruschev says they are accepting, they really aren't of different paths of socialism
Prague Spring
Socialism with a Human Face- Alexander Dubcheck head of Communist party in Prague supportive of the Prague Spring just like Nagy but not executed
Another French Revolution?
call for/ need for wholesale change- by 1968 they want to topple Degal's rule in France
Danny Cohn-Bendit- German born Jew key leader of French revolt
youthful revolutionaries
The red brigades (Italy)- targeting police/ government officials assassinations= violence
International Impact of the Thaw and Cold War Reignites
Eisenhower and Kruschev meet in order to dillute tension in the mid 50s but when we enter the 60s things start to get "heated" again- Kruschev starts to preach liberations
JFK and Kruschev
meet to have a summit in 1961- didn't go so well- Berlin wall is put up in 1961
Cuban Missle Crisis- 1962
1963- JFK and Kruschev- test ban treaty= ban on nuclear testing
Breshnev replaces Kruschev because he is backing down during the Missle Crisis
Detente and Rapproachment
Nixon and Henry Kissinger- to Soviet Union and China are reached out to by Nixon to be more amicable
Sino-American rapproachment
1970s arms control agreements
Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT 1)- end of Vietnam War
President Carter = human rights
Return to the Cold War
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 9+ year war
Ronald Regan= 1980s "Evil Empire"= Soviet Union
US sponsoring anti-communist forces including South America and El Salvador
Mikhail Gorbachev
transforms the globe
Regan pushes an end of nuclear arms
bring about a transformation of economic processes of the Soviet Union (Peristoika)
Wants to democratize Soviet Union
1989 Berlin wall comes down
non-violence-intellectual movement
Japan. China. and India = Disappearance of Empires
A. Japan
1. disentegration of Japanese empire
2. military occupation of defeated Japan= had to agree to unconditional surrender= General Douglas MacArthur
3. impact of the Korean War
4. spectacular economic growth= Asian miracles
Disappearance continued
5. revocation of plans to dissolve industrial conglomerates
6. renowned industriousness and frugality
7. expert-oriented growth
8. relations with US
9. economic powerhouse and recession
China
1. civil war between chinese communist party (Mao) and Kumintang (Chiang Kai Shek)
2. Mao's triumph and people's republic of china= red china 1949
3. idea of socialist man/woman
4. early successes and costs
5. rapid collectivization of peasant farming
Great Leap Forward/ Great Leap Backward
Mao creating "new man and woman"- 100 flowers campaign (allowance given to artists and intellectuals to speak out)= didn't last long- Mao used their opinions against them
1958-1961 Great Leap Forward-propel China to surpass Great Britain
"Great Leap Forward"
effort to collectivise the farming= even more catastrophic- giant clusters of farms= worst human catastrophe- Mao's great Famine- 45 million people died in this famine
Cultural Revolution
Mao tries again-usher in to reignite revolutionary determinations- students and younger are encouraged to participate- he becomes afraid that they are becoming too strong so Mao clamps down and regulates
Death of Mao
Xiaping opens Chinese economy- communist party hierarchy doesn't go away- demonstration in Tienemen square
India
1. anti-colonization-Jinnah (muslim) calling for separation of Pakistan
Nehru- Hindu and Gandhi
2. impact of WWII
3. National Independence
4. ethnic clashes- Muslim vs Hindu
5. India and Pakistan= eventually millions of refugees
India Continued
6. Nehru comes to lead the New India- 3rd way- wanted to be a 3rd oath in b/w Russia and the US= believes in Indian autonomy
7. conflict over Tibet with China- Dalai Lama- Eventually military driven
India contuned
8. Indira Gandhi "green revolution" and National emergency- Seiks/terrorists- she follwed in Nehru's footsteps
9. democracy continues along with overpopulation, poverty and secretarianism
- 1 billion people live there
Post- Colonial Asia and Phillippines
MacArthur promised to come back but didn't
1. long time US possession and Anti-Americanism
2. war time peoples anti- japanese army- communists
3. independence (America promised in 1934, but finally given to them in 1946)
Post colonial continued
4. Huks and communist party- communist dominated against American occupation
5. Ramon Magsaysay and CIA- anti communist but a gung-ho nationalist and popular- receives help from CIA- dies in a plane crash
post colonial continued
6. Ferdinand Marcos and the Aquinos( family leading revolt against Marcos)- comes to power after Ramon dies- People power revolution
evolves in Yellow Revolution- non violence- land reform
Post Colonial Asia- Indo China and Vietnam
1. French colony
2. Ho Chi Minh, Vo Nguyen Giap
3. The Vietminh= guerilla fighters= fight against French and Americans
4. WWII and OSS (Office of strategic services-pre CIA)- Ho Chi Minh aligned with US during WWII gave the guerillas a stamp of approval
Indo Chin and Vietnam continued
5. Declaration of the Republic of Vietnam- uses direct words from our declaration of Independence = offering approval
6. 1946-1954 French Indo China war- lead by Giap
7. Impact of Cold War- US wants France on its side with Soviet Union
Indo China and Vietnam Continued
1950- US supplies France military with supplies- before Korean War
8. Nation- building under US= 800 american advisors- Under Eisenhower and Ngo Dinh Diem (catholic)= family based= brother is head of security and wife rules contraception is ilegal
Indo China and Vietnam Continued
9. Vietcong and American escalation- 16,000 advisors by the of Kennedy's reign but 1968 500,000 soldiers in Vietnam under Johnson and Nixon
America is being torn apart by the war
10. end of war and aftermath- Nixon tried to extend the war to Cambodia
Post colonial Asia: Indo China: Cambodia
1. French protectorate and independence by 1950s
2. Sihanouk's attempt to maintain neutrality
3. emergence Khmer Rouge- communist uprising- Pol Pot= many young supporters
4. coup by Lon Nol and US invasion- over threw Sihanook
Cambodia continued
5. civil war, the killing fields and Kampuchea (khmer rouge led)- renamed Cambodia- 2 million victims
6. invasion by Vietnam
Post Colonial Middle East
1. Western dominance
2. decolonization
3. Palestine and the creation of the state of Israel
-Arab rejection of UN resolution for bi-national state
-Arab- Israeli conflict- zionism vs pan arabism
Independence of Israel in 1948
Middle East continued
4. reform and reaction- attraction to socialism Mohammad Massadegh wanted to nationalize oil
- US involvment
Iran 1953
5. Pan Arab nationalism
Gamal Nasser- head of Egypt during 60s and 70s believed in 3rd way of Nehru and wanted united Arab states
Middle East continued
6. Second Arab and Israeli war and response of major powers
7 middle east as perennial hotspot
-Palestine Liberation Organization- Yasir Arifat = violent and aggressive- determined to hold back Israel
-6 Day War (1967)- Israel invades
Middle East Continued
8. Camp David and Carter- Israeli minister and Egyptian leader signed a peace treaty- Israel gave Egypt back some land
9. Iranian Revolution- Iranian hostage situation-held for 444 days
10. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan- mujahadeen fighters- we funded
Middle East continued
11. Iran/ Iraq war- nationalistic and secretariat divide
12. Lebanon terriorist attacks 1983
15. Kuwait and Iraq- Sadaam Hussein invades Kuwait-spurs first gulf war
19. Taliban and Osama Bin Laden0 supported fight against Russia
Post Colonial Africa
1. last region to achieve liberation from European coloinzers
2. 1945 only 4 African states belonged to UN ( Egypt, South Africa, Liberia and Ethiopia)
3. 1960, 25 African nations joinced
7. organization of African unity and Pan Africanism
Africa Continued
9. one of the lsat bastions of white supremacy and South Africa= in place up to 20 years ago- segregation
Nelson Mandela- fight apartied (legally)- African National Congress leader- ended up in Robben Island prison for 30 years let out in the 1990s
Africa Continued
Mandela wanted a non violent change and bi-racial south africa
Steven Biko- student leader assassinated but he practiced non voilence
11. from independence to dependency- blame leaders. ethnic struggles, famine, failure of the west not helping
Africa continued
12. ethnic warfare- (Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire, Sudan)- lust for power, not just West racist
-Rwanda- genocide 1994-95 US responds and acknowledges
Latin America
1. Quest for development and Independence
2. extolling of populist leaders and populist movements
-Juan and Evita Peron- truing to ensure Argentinas autonmy wanted lower class to be represented
3. the cold war era and dependency and instability
Latin America continued
4. reform, revolution and reaction- 1952 Bolivia- military brings reform
Guatemala wanted peaceful change- Democratic elections- reformers elected
Arbenz through to be communist b/c he wanted to banish the United Fruit Co- US overthrew 200,000 killed
Latin America continued
B. Cuba- Fidel Castro, Cee Enfuego and Che Rivera "the banded ones"- alienated the US
C. Argentina-1960/70s after democratization no civilian government- Junta attaracted to what the Nazis believed
D. Chile- Salvador Allende- finally wins in 1970s
Latin America Continued
Nixon wanted Allende out of office because he was Marxist- 1973 Allende was assassinated- 17 year revolt
E. Central America- Anastasio Somara- Carter administration somewhat supports the sandistas- Regan tries to get rid of them
Globalization and the New World Order
A. Economic Developments
1. accelerated circulation of goods, capital, people
2. world trade -7 trillion by 2001
3. global mobility of money
4. transnational companies: from Barbies to Nike
5. migratory process of workers- migrate to get jobs
New World continued
7. anti-globalization movement
C. the politics of Assassination- Gandhi, Allende, Patrice Lumumba, JFK, Malcom X, MLK, Bobby kennedy, John Lennon
About this deck
By: danielle ghiglieri
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 126 flashcards
Views: 38
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 126 flashcards
Views: 38
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis