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- ESL 154
ESL 154
About this deck
By: connie wiggins
Created: 2012-06-08
Size: 78 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2012-06-08
Size: 78 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
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BICS-Basic Interpersonal Communciation skills
Skills for functioning in everyday life, face-to face interactions. Takes 2 yrs. to develop in most second lang. learners.
CALP- Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
Language linked to literacy and academic achievement. 5 to 7 yrs. to fully develop in second language learners.
Assimilation
Becoming like members of the new culture. Accepting their surface and deep culture and giving up their orginal culture.
Adaptation
Adapting and becoming part of new culture to new, but maintaining important values and customs of their orginal custom.
Morpheme
The smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function (stem, prefix, suffix).
Phoneme
Smallest unit of meaningful sounds.
Phonemic Awareness
segmented sounds smaller than a syllable. ex. d o g
phonics
connect sounds with letters or groups of letters. ex. c, k, or ch spellings.
pitch
comm. determines the context or meaning of words. It can act as a question or statement.
Stress
At the "word" level the different stresses on the syllable can modify the word's meaning.
Homonyms
Describes words that have two or more meanings.
Homographs
Two or more words that have the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings. ex. stalk-part of a plant/ stalk-follow.
Syntax
The order in which words are arranged to create meaning.
Semantics
encompasses the meaning of individual words and combinations of words.
Discourse
refers to linguistic units composed of several sentences and is derived from the concept of "discursive formation" or communication that involves specialized knowledge of various kinds. It plays a role in all spoken and written language. shapes the way language is transmitted and how we organize our thoughts.
Polite Discourse
Empty language,(little meaning) but important in social exchanges.
Spoken Discourse
Conversations, arguments, or speeches are all types of this discourse. Organization, tone and word choice are critical to transferring thoughts and maintaing interest.
Written Discourse
Basic grouping of sentences from complicated essays to stories.
Pragmatics
study of how the context impacts the interpretation of language. Situations dicate language choice, body language, the degree of intimacy, and how meaning is interpreted.
Nonverbal Pragmatic
gestures, the appropriate distance between speakers, seating arrangements, nodding and shaking of the head, signs, and touch.
Academic Discourse
formal academic learning. Includes all 4 language skills: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. 2 lang.profiency ( CALP and BICS)
Compound Subject
The subject consists of two or more nouns or pronouns.
Compound Predicate
The predicate contains more than one verb pertaining to the subject.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, or independent clause, is a complete thought consisting of a single subject and a single predicate.
Complex Sentence
consist of two independent clauses joined together by a conjunction and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so.
Chomsky: Language acquisition process
says that we are born with a special biological brain mechanism (LAD) the ability to learn lang. is innate, nature is more important than nurture.
Piaget:Cognitive Constructivism
Interested in children's cognitive dev. He believed cognitive development precedes language development.
Vygotsky: Social Constructivism and Language
Central focus is the relationship between the development of thought and language. Viewed language first as social comm. which gradually promotes both lang. and cognition.
Lau v. Nichols
U.S Supreme Court of 1974 determined that students have the same facilities, textbooks, teachers, and curr. San Fran School District had violated Title VI of the civil rights act. by not providing programs to meet the needs of non-English students.
Realia
Concrete objects from the everyday world which are used during instruction to make language comprehensible.
Total Physical Response (TPR)
Language technique based on multiple modalities such as physical activity.
Cognates
Words in one or more languages that have a common origin.
True Cognates
Words are spelled the same, the meaning is the same. The difference will be in pronunciation and placement of accent.
Partial cognitive
Words spelled from the same origin but the spelling will have a different suffix or prefix. Eng. (Fragrance)/ Spanish- (Frangancia)
False Cognates
Words spelled from the same origin but the spelling will have a diff. suffix or prefix and the meaning will be different than anticipated according to common origin. Exa. exit- to go out or leave. (spanish) e'xito-success.
Lexical Ambiguity
Two or more meanings. Ex. pen, sister-in-law.
CALLA Model- CognitiveAcademic Language Learning Approach
Chamot& O'Malley lesson plans are tied to content curriculum. Learners are engaged. Teacher must provide content comprehensible, build academic language, provide lingistic accomodations, and teach higher order thinking skills.
L1
Native Language
L2
Second Lang. English
TELPALS
Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System. Students are rated on their proficiency of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Brain Laterization
Refers to functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain which affects language acquisition.
Culture
Shared beliefs, values, and rule governed patterns of behavior that define a group.
Surface Culture
Part of culture that can be seen. Lang., clothing, food. customs, and art.
Deep Culture
Below the surface more meaningful and powerful aspects of culture
Beliefs
What we see as truth.
Norms
Unwritten rules for behavior.
Values
What we hold most important.
Chomsky
Nature is more important than nurture.
Piaget
Language is a reflection of thought.
Vygotsky
Social communication which promotes language and cognition.
Collier
Children are active learners who construct their worlds.
Interlanguage
Occurs when the second-language learner lacks proficiency in L2 and tries to compensate . Making it a language learning strategy.
Affective Domain
Affects how students acquire a second language because the full range of emotions are present. Making the second language learner feel vulnerable because they are leaving their comfort zone.
Morphology
structure of words like root/base words, prefixes, suffixes
Cognitive Stratgies
Practicing, Receiving and sending messages, Analyzing and Reasoning, and Creating Structure for Input and Output. "PRAC"
Metacognitive Strategies
Centering Learning, Arranging and Planning Learning, Evauluate Learning.
Socioaffective Strategies
Broken down into "affective" and "social" strategies. There are three sets "Lowering Anxiety", "Encouragement" and "Taking Emotional Temperature".
5 Levels of scaffolding
modeling, shared, interactive, guided, independent levels
Classroom Magement-Proactive Approach
deciding what behaviors will be expected of the class as a whole anticipating possible problems, teaching the behaviors early in the school year, and implementing behavior management techniques that focus on positive procedures that can be used at home as well as school.
Consequences
Introduced when rules are introduced. They should also understand the rewards.
Teaching techniques for making ELL's feel welcome.
Learn their names, offer one-on-one, assign a peer partner, post visual daily schedule, use material related to ELL;s culture. Include them in a nonthreatining manner, include cooperative learning.
Activities to promote Oral communication for ELL.
TPR, Group work, Task-based Activites
Teaching Vocabulary
1.Use charades when trying to communicate a word.
2. Introduce new voc. through familiar voc.
3. Utilizing visual props, antonyms, and synonyms to comm. voc.
Encourage oral production
TPR-commands where students respond to show understanding, group work, task based.
Communication skills can be taught. Teachers must model and practice with the students.
summarizing-condensed version without losing meaning. Paraphrasing-restates what is written or spoken and Listening
Profiency Test
measure students profiency. Criteria is based on what they can do.
Achievement Test
directly related to language courses and establish how successful the students are in achieving the objective.
diagnostic test
identify students strengths and weaknesses.
placement test
determine the level of class where the student should be placed according to his or her abilities.
discrete point testing
testing of one element at a time, item by item. (particular grammatical structure).
integrative testing
combination of lanugage elements for a candidate to complete a task.(range from taking notes while listening to a lecture to writing a composition.
Norm-referenced test
relate one candiate's performance to that of others.
criterion-referenced testing
classifies people according to whether or not they are able to perform some task or set of tasks successfully.
Objective Testing
No judgment (ex. multiple choice.)
subjective
judgment of the scorer is required.
Communicative language testing
reading and listening, informal testing methods can be used from students working in groups to reading passages.
Reliable assessment
should have three attributes validity, reliability and practicality.
Validity
"valid" only if it meaures what it asserts to measure.
About this deck
By: connie wiggins
Created: 2012-06-08
Size: 78 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2012-06-08
Size: 78 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis