Art History: Enlightenment to Postmodernism (1780-1980)

• Cornelia presents her children as other women presents her jewelery
  

• battle had been recent
• painting portrays french and indians together (fictional)
• reference to pieta

• Horatii fighting Curitai
• weeping women because of their husbands and brothers being on diff sides
• left:strength, right:weakness
  

• Marat was a French revolutionary activist, loved and hated
  
• David and Marat were friends
• Marat had horrible skin condition and is idealized by David
  
• Stabbed and Killed by Charlotte Cordei
  
• Pieta-like pose
  

• Fascination with culture of the Middle East and Asia
• Manifested in primarily 19th century paintings
• Stereotypes depicting violence and sexuality
• Attempt to justify European imperialism and colonialism
  

• government sponsored schools of art
• very conservative
• italy:1562, france:1648, britain:1768
  

• annual exhibition
• Royal academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris
• avante garde aritists rejected from academy or refused to take part in the academy
  

• Family looking in mirror
• self absorbed/self conscious
  
• unflattering: humanized and unimportant
  

• Spain invaded by Napolean, arrested anyone w/ weapon and executed
  

• painterly, fast and expressive
• army desensitized, loss of individuality
• victims are individualized: defiant or scared
• man in white looks christ-like
  

• picturesque: ideal but realistic landscape
  
• glaze over politics/getting away from politics
  

• Slaves thrown overboard for insurance purposes
• body parts being eaten
  
• sublime: horrifying and romantic: picturesque
  
• moving toward abstract

• Dead trees surrounding old destructed abby with sunset
  
• funeral: tombs
• sublime
  

• pornographic/ personal painting
• unrealistic: elongated, flexible
• orientalism: peacock feathers, turban, rich jewelery, hookah
• smooth brushwork
  
• hard lines and contours
  

• Government ship only saved officials, left rest to die with no rescue
• people made rafts and eventually went crazy (cannibalism)
• situated in pyramid: chaotic, hopeless scene, sense of search
• single person on top with hope
  

• seemingly celebrating orientalism but actually showing violence and adultry
• propaganda?
  
• Sardanapalus knows he is about to be killed so he kills his court and himself
  

• Women from North Africa
• Oriental brothel scene
  

• French Revolution scene
• Liberty is allegorical figure: holding gun, old and new
• members of royal guard lay dead, looted
• children with weapons
• 3 colored flag: new France
  

• representing things as they actually are
• describe accurately and objectively
• deliberate rejection of the conventionally beautiful
• focus on simple and unidealized treatment of contemporary life
  

• Everyone on equal ground, even dog
  
• burial of peasant on huge canvas
• people not idealized

• poor labor workers
• anonymity
  

• men and cattle preparing wine fields
• extremely realistic
• did many animal studies
  
• Rosa was very radical for her time
  

• look "unfinished"
• non allegorical nude women looking directly at viewer
  
• frog: slang for prostitute
• flattened space
  

• flattened: making point of painting not being real life
• meant to confront men, embarrassing to them because most of them had mistresses/visited brothels
  

• bartender may be prostitute
• mirror: double identity
• shows man she is talking to
  
• painterly
  

• originated in France in the 1860's
• depicting the visual impression of the moment
• shifting effect of light and color
• seeks to capture an experience rather than achieve accurate depiction
  

• Influence of Japanese art and culture

• primarily refers to incorporation of Japenese woodblock print aesthetics

• close cropping and flattened forms

• mid 19th century school of French landscape painters
• against classical conventions
• based art on direct study of nature
• promoted plein air painting (painting outdoors) (taken up by impressionists)
  

• Foundeded 1848
• Consciously sought to emulate the simplicity and sincerity of the work of Pre Raphael Italian artists
• Strong line and color, naturalistic detail and often biblical or literary subjects
  

• American landscape painters
• focused around the Hudson river Valley in New York
• depicted vast picturesque and sublime expanses
  
• promote manifest destiny
  

• Unpredictable wilderness and storm on left
• cultivated harmonious land on right
• noah in hebrew on back mountain (message to be careful with land)
  

• Painting from compilation of sketches and imagination
• showing natives in painting
  

• Japanese mat and curtain
• flatly painted
• showing distance of son and mother
  

• Fireworks over a lake
• abstraction
• negative reviews
  

• realistic meticulous painting
• friend who won race
• himself in the background
  

• Dr. gross was a very well respected physician
  
• medical school observing surgery
• Eakins taught anatomy
  

• Death and devastation of war
• Gettysburg 1863
• may be staged (addition of added bodies)
  

• Artists took Impressionists bold strokes and bright colors to the next level
• Not concerned with the real world, but with personal psychology
  

• Appropriation of non-western forms by western artists
• Inpiration from simplified and abstracted forms
• "Close to nature," more authentically spiritual, emotional, and sexual

Paul Cezanne

Mont Sainte-Victoire

1885

• ocer 60 versions
• country side
• geometric and structural
• predating cubism
  

Georges Seurat

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

1884

• experience with color theory
• using dots of inividual color
• mixing ground of classes
• prostitutes
  

Herni de Toulouse-Lautrec

La Goulue

1891

• lithograph
• integrating text (advertisement)
  

Vincent van Gogh

The Potato Eaters

1885

• dark pallette
• rough leathery skin

Vincent van Gogh

Night Cafe

1888

• red and green: sinfulness
• more painterly than before
  

Vincent van Gogh

Starry Night

1889

• painterly and meticulous
  

Paul Gauguin

The Vision After the Sermon

1888

• Symbolism
• Jacob wrestling the angel

Edvard Munch

The Scream

1893

• expressionism and symbolism
• total despair
  

Gustav Klimt

The Kiss

1907

Auguste Rodin

The Gates of Hell

1880

• took 10 years
• people falling into hell

• inspired by ghiberitis doors
• includes "the thinker"
  

Auguste Rodin

Burghers of Calais

1884

• Art Nouveau: France, Jugendstil: Germany, Modernisme: Spain
• Decorative Art, Architecture, and Design
• Intricate linear designs and flowing curves
• Western Europe and US from 1890 to WWI

Victor Horta

Tassel House

1892

Hector Guimard

Metro Station

1900

Anoni Gaudi

Casa Mila

1905

Antoni Gaudi

Sagrada Familia

1882

• Group of architects led by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright
• Style based on horizontal lines
• Inspired by Midwest plains and prairies

Frank Lloyd Wright

Robie House

1909

Frank Lloyd Wright

Falling Water

1935

• Approach to photography which aimed to be artistic
• Sometimes soft focused
• Aimed to raise status of photography to a fine art

• Bring attention to social ills
• ex. overcrowding and squalid conditions in urban neighborhoods and child labor
• provoke change