Biochemistry
Biochemistry 1 with Mcrae at National University of Health Sciences
About this deck
By: Karen Sedore
Created: 2011-01-06
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 256
Created: 2011-01-06
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 256
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A decrease of blood pH from 7.5 to 6.5 would be accompanied by a 10-fold (increase or decrease) in hydrogen ion concentration.
Increase
At equilibrium, the product of the concentrations of the dissociated ions divided by the concentration of the undissociated water is a constant K.
True
Regarding the ion product of water: In an aqueous solution the concentrations of the hydrogen ions and hydroxide are inversely proportional.
True
Regarding the ion product of water: Because the extent of dissociation is very small, the concentration of pure water remains essentially at 55.5 M.
True
Regarding the ion product of water: Kw is a constant representing the ion product of water and is equivalent to 1 X 10-14. True or False?
True
Regarding the ion product of water: If H+ is added to an aqueous solution, OH- increases proportionately. True or False?
False
When utilizing the ion product of water (Kw=1 X 10-14), an increase in [H+] would cause an increase or decrease in [OH-]?
Decrease
The pH of a blood sample with an [H+] of 40 X 10-9 Eq/L is
7.4
What is the Lowry-Bronsted definition of an acid?
Any substance that is capable of releasing a proton.
What is the Lowry-Bronstead definition of a base?
Any substance that is capable of binding a proton in aqueous solution.
Which acid is not produced by the body: Carbonic acid, Sulfuric acid, Ketone bodies, Acetylsalicylic acid, or Lactic acid?
Acetylsalicylic acid
True or False: Strong acids in aqueous solution dissociate completely into anions and protons.
True
True or False: Both strong and weak acids in aqueous solution dissociate only to a limited extent.
False
True or False: Weak acids in aqueous solution dissociate completely into cations and protons.
False
True or False: Weak acids in aqueous solution dissociate completely into anions and protons.
False
True or False: Strong acids in aqueous solution dissociate only into cations and protons.
False
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
It is derived from the formula for the dissociation constant of a weak acid, expressing it in logarithmic form.
It relates to the pH and pKa and the log of the ration of dissociated to undissociated acid.
To calculate the pKa for a weak acid
What is the equation used to determine the pH of a buffer in the blood?
pH=pKa + log [base]/[acid]
What factors determine the effectiveness of a buffer?
The pKa of the buffer relative to the pH of the solution and the concentraion of the buffer. They work best within 1 pH unit of the pKa. Buffered solutions resist changes in pH when acid or base is added to the solution.
Changing the pH will change the conformation of proteins and this would alter...
- The solubility of some enzymes
- Change the rate of enzymatic reactions
- The structure of the cell
- The function of the cell
True or False: At pH of 7.4, most of the ammonia present in the blood will be as ammonium ion.
True
Is Methylmalonate [-OOC-CH(CH3)-COO-] a strong or weak acid?
It contains 2 carboxylic acid groups and is therefore a weak acid.
Define a hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a weak noncovalent interaction between the hydrogen of one molecule and the more elctronegative atom of an acceptor molecule.
What is the ion product of water?
The shared electrons are attracted toward the oxygen atom, giving the oxygen atom a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atom a partial postive charge.
What is the equation for pH?
pH= -log[H+]
Is sulfate an acid or base?
base
Is bicarbonate an anion?
Yes
Is lactic acid an anion?
No
Is dihydrogen phosphate an acid or a base?
acid
Why is it important to maintain a physiological pH?
So that buffers will be able to work properly and to maintain proper protein structure.
What are the two most important buffers in the blood?
Bicarbonate and hemoglobin
When the blood pH drops and becomes more acidic, how will the respiratory system compensate?
Breaths will be deeper and more frequent (Kassmaul's breathing) to remove excess CO2.
What happens to glucose and ketone body levels in a type I diabetic?
They rise.
How does breathing into a paper bag help someone who is hyperventilating?
For a person who is hyperventilating, the person's CO2 levels will fall too much. By breathing into a paper bag, it allows the patient to rebreath in the CO2. When CO2 levels in the body return to normal, the hyperventilating will stop.
True or False: Water-soluable organic compounds contain polar groups that can hydrogen bond with water.
True
A pateint was admitted to the hospital ER in a coma. Lab tests found high levels of CH2OH-CH2-CH2-COO- in her blood. What drug is it?
y-hydroxybutyrate (the "date rape" drug".
Define glycosidic bond.
A covalent bond formed between the anomeric carbon of one sugar when it is in a ring form, and the hydroxyl group or nitrogen of another compound.
All sphingolipids contain what type of group?
Ceramide group.
Are carbon-carbon double bonds oxidized or reduced?
oxidized
When are carbon-carbon bonds reduced?
As single bonds.
How many carbons are in tetrose?
Four
Define chiral carbon
A carbon atom that has 4 different chemical groups attached.
How do stereoisomers and epimers differ?
Stereoisomers have the same chemical formula but differ in the position of the hydroxyl group on 1 or more of their asymmetric carbons. Epimers are stereoisomers that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at only 1 asymmetric carbon atom.
What is the difference structurally between alpha and beta D glucopyranose?
The position of the OH group is different. Alpha is cis and Beta is trans.
Sorbitol is a reduced sugar. What does this mean?
All of the carbon atoms contain (hydroxyl) alcohol groups.
What is the difference between a monounsaturated fatty acid and a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
Monounsaturated fatty acids contain one double bond; polyunsaturated fatty acids have 2 or more.
The melting point of a fatty acid (increases/decreases) wiuth chain length and (increases/decreases) with degree of saturation.
increases/decreases
Lipds with (higher/lower) melting points are more fluid at body temperature and contribute to the fluidity of our cellular membranes.
lower
What does the "lyso" in lysolecithin indicate?
The removal of the fatty acyl group.
Do sphingolipids have a glycerol backbone?
No.
Why are bile acids hydrophilic?
Cholic acid contains a hydrophilc carboxyl group and 3 hydroxyl groups. All 3 hydroxyl groups are on one side of the molecule, thus creating a hydrophilic surface.
What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine base?
A purine is bicyclic while a pyrimidine has only a single ring.
What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base joined to a sugar through a glycosidic bond. There is no phosphate. A nucleotide has a phosphate attatched.
Define a free redical.
Radicals are compounds that have a single elctron, usually in an outer orbital. Free radicals are radicals that exist independently in solution or a lipid environment.
What condition is commonly caused by excess urate in the blood?
Gout.
What condition is caused by excess uric acid?
Kidney stones.
LEFT OFF ON CHAPTER 6
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About this deck
By: Karen Sedore
Created: 2011-01-06
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 256
Created: 2011-01-06
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 256
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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