Music 162 Midterm 1

Music 162 with Dudley at University of Washington

About this deck

By: Lynn Khuat
Created: 2011-04-26
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 153

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Public Concerts

Pleasure gardens – places (garden) where people can go to listen to music while eating, meeting with people (multi-facilitated environment)

Musical variety shows – Performers had to draw a big audience to pay for their show, big audiences needed for show so different techniques to draw in the crowd was necessary

Municipal symphonies (1889 Chicago Symphony) – first privately owned symphony in Chicago

Culture (high/low), Stereoptypes,

· High culture – industrialism (industry, railroads, etc.)increasing wealth for the patrons of the arts

Serious tension between refinement and freedom

Inferiority complex – America wanted to show Europe that they had their own music/culture too

Racial anxiety (First jubilee singers – Mark Twain went to see them, based on African American Music); Americans were not comfortable with identifying with African American culture

Rhythm

Timing in music

Beat/pulse

regular pulse that organizes the music/ stress on the certain notes to group the beat

Tempo

the speed at which the beats occur

Meter

(triple vs. duple) – measure: 4 pulses,

Measure, bar – grouping of certain amount of beats to organize (to give you an idea of cycles and when they are starting); usually grouped as 4 beats per measure/bar

Syncopation

hitting accents on the off beats (the non-regular beats)

Timbre

Instrumentation – quality of the sound produced by the music

· Popular music developed more qualities of sounds with the amplifier and other sound enhancement equipment; lots of variety of sound

· Varies (opera voice, Latino, Chinese opera singer, etc.)

Melody: Range/Register

the area of the pitches that it ranges from; different octaves;

register – own voice capabilities

Minstrel Show

Ethiopian delineators

T.D. Rice’s “Jim Crow” 1829 – came into popular culture (crippled black man performing in the street T.D. Rice copied on his own stage)

Virginia Minstrels (Dan Emmet) 1843 – show that was all black face (unlike before where there were a variety of faces represented in entertainment)

Banjo (African American instrument) – like a drum with strings across the drum head

"Jeanie with The Light Brown Hair"

Stephen Foster -first well known writer/composer

made living from composint

AABA

1854

"Nobody"

Bert Williams

getting out black image out

1913

sad - ministrel/vaudeville

"It's Mighty Dark to Travel"

Bill Monroe and his blue grass boys - father of bluegrass

1947

Post War white Hillbilly music

shredding instruments, revived banjo

rapid tempos and virtuoso interplay among guitar, banjo and mandolin

"In the mood"

Glen Miller (1939) - broke records for selling music; most popular band

12 bar blues, 16 bar bridge

swing dancing "jitter bug"

"One o'clock Jump"

Count Basie (1937)

Kansas City

walking bass, piano

call response, cyclical

reed & brass sections

"West End Blues"

1928

Louis Armstrong (trumpet solo)

"After The Ball"

Charles Harris

1892

verse and chorus

strophic ballad

Tin Pan Alley

"St. Louis Blues"

Bessie Smith composed by W.C. Handy

12-bar

"East St. Louis Toodle-oo"

Edward Ellington Duke

1937

AABA

"Mama's Got the Blues"

Bessie Smith

1923

"After The Ball"

Charles Harris

1892

verse and chorus

strophic

ballad walrz

Tin Pan Alley

"King Porter Stomp"

Benny Goodman - the king of swing (swing dancing)

Russian Jew son of immigrant

integrated black with white in band

call and response

1935

more organized solos

"New San Antonio Rose"

1940

yodel in the beginning

Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys

Western swing

Mariachi horn

"Waiting for a Train"

Jimmy Rodgers (1928)

trumpeet, Hawaiin Steel guitar, silde guitar (everything)

Vaudeville

"Maple Leaf Rag"

Scott Joplin - well known by rag time, piano

1916

AABBACCDD sectional form (16 measures each)

syncopation

first international popular "rag time genre"

"Mama's Got the Blues"

Bessie Smith

1923

"Gospel Ship"

Carter family

1935

whites redneck banjo (from blacks)

Hillbilly - family and religious values

verse and chorus

"Castle House Rag"

1914

Jamese Reese Europe (1880-1914)

Irene and Vernon Castle - dance couple, biggest media superstars of the WW1 years

AABBACCDDE

"Side by Side"

Paul Whiteman

1927

King of Jazz

homophonic

"El Manicero"

Don Azpiazu

Latin

1930

call and response

clave, maracca, trumpet

Rumba dance

cyclical

repetitive polyrhythmic

"Tiger Rag"

Orginal Dixeland Jazz Band - first Jazz Band to record

New York

Cake walk dance

1917

"Dippermouth Blues"

King Joe Olivers

1923

12 bar

trumpet, cornet, drums, piano, trombone, banjo

polyphonic

"Cross Road Blues"

Robert Johnson

1937

slide guitar

12 bar blues

lyrically AABA

"Choo choo ch'boogie"

Louis Jordan

1946

12 bar verses

walking bass

repeated chorus

12-bar blues on verses, walking bass – Kansas City jazz, reminiscent of boogie woogie piano, repeated chorus, rhythmic, instrumentation – saxophone soloist

Nickolodeon

5 cents to get into theater; 15 min movies

Ballyhoo

music outside to drive people in to watch the films

; the music would match up with the film images and were used to attract audiences to watch the film in the first place; diversity of styles of music

Illustrated song

Intermission, during rewinding the film; hand-colored images with live music; sheet music sold

last slide with chorus

Parlor song

wifes play piano

family setting

sheet music playing

foundation for music publishing

"The Jazz Singer" (1927)

first motion pctiure with sound

about Jewish cantor's son Jazz

Bert Williams

real black minstrel

Tin Pan Alley

music production (business)

chaotic song

AABA

mass production

Vaudeville theater

circuit

variety of entertainment (traveling)

different genres that built on each other

Tony Pastor’s Opera House, 1865, 1865 in NYC

Classic Blues

Bessie Smith (Empress of Blues)

Black females (Divas, show, minstrek, advertisements)

Mammie Smith (crazy blues)

Irving Berlin

Well-known Tin Pan Alley composer (1888-1989)

AABA

– (you can describe any song with sections that are labeled with letters) form of A repeating twice and then new form (usually contracting distinctly) and back to original; has factors of variability as well; B=bridge, brief contrast to the A melody; very popular form of songs.

Strophic

· Strophic – a poem that is set to music; written in stanzas to music (with rhyme and meter); melody of every stanza is the same, but each time the words are changing, storytelling – ballads. Ex: Barbara Allen

Verse and Chorus

Verse and Chorus – have verses in strophic that come with same melody but different words; chorus comes in with the same melody and words (usually with everyone seeing in).

Cyclical (call/response)

Cyclical (call/response) – soloist is improvising (lead singer); the chorus jumps in in response with a repeated chorus; instrumental intro, verse, transition; caller response section.

Homophony

Homophony- moving pitches together; polyphony – moving pitches in more contrast, still complimenting. Ex. Dippermouth Blues – Louis Armstrong

Polyphony

different voices that contrast together that weave together; each of the parts are repeating (all instrumentals play together repeatedly).

Syncopation

A shift of accent in a passage or composition that occurs when a normally weak beat is stressed

Recording Industry Dates

1877 – Thomas Edison’s cylinder phonograph

1887 – Emile Berlinders’ gramophone (a flat disk)

1901 – Victor Talking Machine Co. home gramophone (i.e. juke boxes)

1920 – approximate beginning of electronic recording

Marketing recorded music

Marketing recorded music:

1) Early strategies

Jukeboxes

Home gramophones – selling machines

2) Recorded Repertoire

Opera

Marching bands

Tin Pan Alley songs

Ragtime

Novelty world music

3) Specialty labels e.g., Race Records & Hillbilly

Radio

Radio

“Wireless communication” patented in 1896 by Guglielm Marconi

1920 first commercial station in Pittsburgh KDKA

Country Blues

Country Blues

Relation of blues to other black music genres

Guitar classic instrument of country blues

Hillbilly Music

Hillbilly Music

Radio barn dances from early 1920s:

National Barn Dance on WLS in Chicago from 1924 Gran Ole Opry 1925 in Nashville

Victor recordings in Bristol Virginia, 1926; related to search…

Carter Family (family values and religion)

Klezmorim

Klezmorim: Instrumental music

Nigunim/nigen/nigun/niggen

Nigunim/nigen/nigun/niggen: chanting of wordless melodies

Mogen Ovos or Magen Avot: “Shirld of the Fathers”

Mogen Ovos or Magen Avot: “Shirld of the Fathers”

o “Minor scale”

o Peace, hope and thanksgiving

Adonoy Molokh or Adoshem Malakh: “God Reigns”

o All spiritual meditation and devotional thoughts

Agavo Rabbo or Ahava Rabba

Agavo Rabbo or Ahava Rabba: “With Everlasting Love” – jovial, associated with stress and emotional needs, minor2nd and major3rd

Liturgical Music

Liturgical Music: Male and vocal, shaped and led by the Hazzan (Cantor)

Secular adaptations of folk

Secular adaptations of folk: music: Simple instrumentals, mixed genders

Badkhonim

o Badkhonim: Entertainers/merry-makers who entertained at rabbinical courts, communal celebrations, and weddings. Created and performed songs with meaningful texts.

Klezmorim

o Klezmorim: “vessels of song,” Instrumentalists who traveled with the Badkhonim.

Jewish Yiddish Early Instrumentation

Leader: Violin

Tsimbl – Hammered dulcimer

Bohemian flute

Rotary valve cornet

… and others

Jewish Dance Bands

Abe Schwartz (1881-1963): Came to USA in 1899

o Multi-instrumentalist, arranger, composer

o Best known as a Klexmer bandleader in NYC

o Nafthuli Brandwein and Dave Tarras, clarinetists

o Rise of the recording industry

Dance Band Klezmer

David Tarras, (1897-1989)

Born Dovid Tarraschuk

o Multi-instrumentalist

o Ukrainian, immigrated to New York in 1921

o Best known for his clarinet playing

Father of Yiddish Musical Theater

Abraham Goldfaden: Established first formal Yiddish theater in the world

o Yas, Romania

o Immigrated to NY in 1887 (and 1902)

o “Theatrical should not only entertain, but also educate.”

Main topics in Yiddish Theater

Main topics broached in Yiddish Theater

1) Migration and settlement in America

2) The complex process of American acculturation

3) Outreach to broader issues of new life and times

Always, family relationships, religious traditions and ethical values

Notable features of Yiddish Theater, Music

Centrality of the Yiddish language

o “Yinglish”: Jumble of Yiddish English syntax

Humor and self-deprecation

Arising stereotypes:

o Familial roles (parents)

o Personality cliches (money-loving or sagely)

Latin American Music Important people

Xavier Cougat (1930s-1940s popular) – the go to guy for Latin music, very creative; popularized Latin music

Carmen Miranda – Brazilian entertainer, she sang Latin music in America – very popular

About this deck

By: Lynn Khuat
Created: 2011-04-26
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 153

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy