Chapter 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations
Psychology 201 with Roberts at Brigham Young University-Idaho
About this deck
By: Carlee Painter
Textbook:
Development Through the Lifespan (5th Edition)
Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 352
Textbook:
Development Through the Lifespan (5th Edition)Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 352
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis
Sign up (free) to study this.
chromosomes
rodlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that store and transmit genetic information
DNA
chemical substance that make up chromosomes
-humans and chimpanzees have 98-99% identical DNA
Base Pair
segments of DNA
mitosis
the process that DNA duplicates itself
gametes cells
sex cells: new individuals are created when these two cells combine.
X/Y cells are what determines the gender of the baby
meiosis
the process where gametes are formed.
It ensures the constant quantity of genetic material that is transmitted from one generation to the next
zygote
cell that results when a sperm and ovum unite at conception
monozygotic vs dizygotic
identical twins vs fraternal twins
23 Chromosomes
Sex cells only contain ____________ chromosomes
allele
each form of a gene
homozygous
each parents alleles are the same and the child will display the inherited trait
hetrozygous
the alleles are different and the relatinship will determine the inherited trait
PKU
recessive disorder that affects the break down of protein in the body.
How can PKU be determined?
blood test
Most common intervention for PKU
diet
What is most common chromosomal abnormality?
What chromosome does it affect?
Risk increases with what?
Downsyndrom
21st chromosome
age of mother
What is artificial insemination?
take sperm from dad and insert it at the top of the cervix (70-80% successful)
What is donor insemination?
taken from another male and inserted in female
what is in vitro fertilization?
when you harvest eggs, add the sperm, and reinsert fertilized eggs in uterus (35% success rate)
Risks from surrogate motherhood?
legal: everyone wants baby
pre-natal dynamic
no one wants baby
favors wealthy, exploits poor
message to surrogate kids
3 reasons adopted kids have more learning and emotional difficulties:
a. genetic tendencies: depression, alcoholism, etc.
b. prenatal enviornment: stress, diet, etc.
c. parents and kids that aren't genetically alike will have a harder time naturally: ie. personality, etc.
what does the term bidirectional influences mean within a family?
mutually influence each other
difference between direct and indirect influences:
direct: one on one direct relationship
indirect: is a third party (not directly involved. ie. a marriage's influence on a child)
3 interrelated variables define socioeconomic status
a. income
b. years of education
c. prestige of/skill required in career
What two groups are hit hardest by poverty?
a. parents under 25 with small children
b. the elderly who live alone
5 outcomes of children in poverty suffer:
1. poor physical health
2. persistant cognitive defects
3. high school dropouts
4. mental illness
5. anti-social behavior (against community, crime, vandalism, etc.)
What is a collectivist society? 3 values
people define themselves as part of a group
a. social economy
b. responsibility to others
c. collaborative endeavors
What is a individualist society? 3 values
people think of themselves as a separate entity and are largely concerned with their own needs
a. individual choice
b. personal exploration
c. achievement
phenotype
directly observable genetic characteristics
genotypes
complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our personal characteristics
Name 2 x-linked disorders
hemophilia
fragile x
how are harmful genes created?
mutation
polygenic inheritance
characteristics that many genes determine
ie. height, weight, intelligence, and personality
heredity
measure the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors
kinship studies
compare characteristics of family members to get a heritability estimate
range of reaction
each person's unique response to the environmnet
active genetic-environment
children increasingly seek out environments that fit their genetic tendencies (niche-picking)
evocative genetic-environment
a child's style of responding influences others' responses, which then strengthens the original style
passive genetic-environment
parents provide an environment consistent with their own heredity. Child has little control.
Epigenesis
development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment
About this deck
By: Carlee Painter
Textbook: Development Through the Lifespan (5th Edition)
Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 352
Textbook:
Development Through the Lifespan (5th Edition)Created: 2011-05-02
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 352
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis