fitness
Health & Fitness 12 with Elliott at Union University
About this deck
By: alana hu
Created: 2011-05-03
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 16
Created: 2011-05-03
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 16
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physical fitness
refers to the capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs and muscle to function at a high level of efficiency
quality of life
implies an overall positive feeling and enthusiasm for life and the ability to do enriching and enjoyable activities without fatigue and exhaustion from routine or required activities
muscular strength
the maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert during contraction
muscular endurance
the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance over a sustained period of time
cardiovascular or cardiorespiratory endurance (aerobic respiration)
the capacity of the heart, blood vessels and lungs to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the working muscles and tissues during sustained exercise and remove metabolic waste products that would result in fatigue
flexibility
ability to move joints through their normal full range of motion.
body composition
refers to the makeup of the body related to lean body mass and body fat.
lean body mass
consists of muscles, bones, nervous tissue, skin, blood and organs
lead body mass
these tissues have a high metabolic rate and make a direct, positive contribution to energy production in exercise
body fat
represents the component of the body that whose primary role is to store energy for later use
storage fat
contained in the fatty deposits or fat pads found under the skin and deep inside the body
anatomy
study of the structure of the body
kinesiology
science of human motion
joints
meeting points between bones which allow for controlled amounts of movement
ball and socket
a joint freely moving in all directions
hinge
allows extension and flexion
muscles
represent the moving force of the body
extensibility, elasticity and contractility
properties of muscles
muscles
composed of fibers which are bound into bundles within bundles
hypertrophy of muscles
increased thickness of each muscle fiber
two types of skeletal muscle fibers in humans
fast twitch and slow twitch
fast twitch fibers
large, pale fibers that are fast contracting, powerful and quick to fatigue
fast twitch fibers
predominate in muscles used for heavy strength activities and are more evident in muscles of athletes who engage in high power, short-endurance events
slow twitch fibers
fibers are small and red due to rich supply of blood
slow twitch fibers
more plentiful in muscles that are responsible for low tension, high endurance activities
isotonic contractions
involve movement of the body segment as the muscles shorten and lengthen
concentric contraction of isotonic
muscle shortens and thickens; positive work (against gravity)
eccentric contraction of isotonic
muscle lengthens as it contracts; negative work (muscle overcome by resistance)
isometric contraction
involve no movement; internal force developed in the muscle but no resistance is overcome; strength gains are limited to specific joint angle during contraction
those with high blood pressure or older individuals should avoid what exercises? why?
isometric ; they hold breath which increases bp and can cause muscle atrophy
isokinetic contractions
involve use of a special training device that attaches to the limb being exercised (Cybex)
cybex
machine controls the rate of contraction at a predetermined speed; allows maximal resistance at each joint angle
muscles
arranged in opposition to each other in order to keep body movements coordinated; when one muscle contracts the other on the opposite side of the joint relaxes
agonist
prime mover; the muscle most involved; muscle that produces the desired movement by contraction
antagonist
the muscle arranged in opposition to the agonist; it counteracts the contraction of another muscle
stabilizers
muscles that fixate or hold a joint or body part so that other joints can move
neutralizers
also known as "synergists"
neutralizers
muscles located on either side of the prime mover; they help eliminate unwanted or extraneous movements
About this deck
By: alana hu
Created: 2011-05-03
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 16
Created: 2011-05-03
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 16
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy