Government Final

- a nation's collective decisions about relations with other nations

1) do nothing
2) give money
3) money with strings attached (borrowed)
4) FEMA- federal emergency management agency

-federal responsibility to;
      -encourage growth
      -infrastructure, canals, railroads
      -depression ended due to economic policy, wartime spending=thriving gov't

-FDIC
-federal reserve ratio
-no longer pay for more than 50% of stocks with debt

-Do not want 0% employment,  if there is nobody to hire, in order to hire new employees you have to take from someplace else and pay them more->
-Costs of goods produce would go up causing inflation
-Ideal unemployment rate would be somewhere around 5%
-Ideal inflation rate would be lower than 3.5%

-Governmental decisions about taxing and spending that effect the economic life of a nation
    -where does the money come from? -taxes, cooperate + personal income
    -taxes going up= less spending, less investment

-Government decisions about how much money should circulate in the economy and what the cost of borrowing money, the interest rate, should be.

buy imports? locals get laid off, inflation down
buy local? reduction of unemployment, inflation goes up (strong $)

-Social Security
-Medicare
-Medicaid
-Food Stamps
-A.F.D.C

-People who benefit if old or disabled, money taken from checks and gives some sort of income to those older than 66 (30% of budget)
-reduces unemployment, gives jobs to younger generation

-A public health insurance program in which government pays the providers of health care for medical services given to patients who are aged or disabled
  Part A: Hospital Insurance -hospital
  Part B: Supplementary Medical Insurance - Medication, Pharmaceuticals

-A means-tested medical care program providing in-kind (noncash benefits, such as medical care services) medical benefits for the poor
-Funded by general taxes (1/2 federal 1/2 state)

-A means-tested program that prices the eligible needy with cards that can be used to only purchase food
-prevents hunger, run by the department of agriculture

-was a program that gave aid to single parent families
-average person is on it for two years
-replaced with T.A.N.F limits within time you can be on the program and the # of time you receive help only two years, no more than 5x in life

-A model of policy-making that posits a limited role for government so that the natural forces of supply and demand are allowed to prevail in the marketplace
            -capital($) + labor = economy
            -competition is what makes the free market work
            -does not work well with monopolies, regulate them
            -significant externalities do not work with monopolies

-EPA environmental protection agency
-clean water act, clean air act
-Global Warming CO2 increasing with global temperature

-controlled by the President
-Realist v. Idealist-
          -Realist-independent/ self reliant, self interested, military forces high security, ex: Switzerland, isolationism
          -Idealist- rational, co-operational, alliance, formed treaties, law enforcement, internationalism

-replaced the league of Nations, which had little enforcement power, required unanimous votes
-divided into two major branches
-general assembly- every member is a part of this no enforcement
-security council- 13 members who have the power to make large decisions 5 permanent members: France, U.S, Great Britain, Russia, China

-president, executive branch has to agree
-send it to senate 2/3 vote

-"they attacked our boat"
-Maine, ended up to be a mistake

POLITICAL:
-given rights to engage in politics, assembly, speech, press, petition
PERSONAL:
-expresses yourself as an individual person
-religion

-enables the formation of unions without repercussions
-rights of statue are much easier to overthrow than constitutional rights 

-two exceptions: if
      -something is obscene
      -appeals to permanent interest
      -offensive by community standards
      -clear and present danger

-States can not have a set religion
-States can not favor one religion over another
-Can't descriminate on religion at all

3 part test to determine when a statute violates the establishment clause, the law in question must have:
      1)secular purpose
      2)neutral affect
      3) no undue entanglement (gov't should not be controlling of a religion)

-a method of determining the constitutional validity of a law

-Race
-Gender
-Age
-Nationality or Ethnicity
-Religion
(only applies to businesses who have at least 15 employees)

·        9th Amendment- Part of the Bill of Rights that cautions that the people possess rights not specified in the Constitution

·        The government can't go through your stuff (with limits)

·        Right to be left alone

·        CT case allowing the use of contraception

·        States cant prohibit people from using contraception

·        Courts in a few states say yes

·        Some say homosexuals can't because they can't have kids ,however, people who are 70 who get married can't have kids either

·        Supreme Court decision establishing a constitutional right to an abortion

·        1^st trimester-absolute

·        2^nd trimester-regulation

·        3^rd trimester-prohibit (except when mothers life is in danger)

• Warrant needs to be properly issued by someone who is independant of the police
• Designated place and item being searched
  
• Need probable cause
  

·        Judge is the investigator

·        Prosecutor works for the judge instead of being independent from him

·        The accused has the right to a council

·        “sorry you don’t have a warrant” if you found a one pound bag of marijuana without a warrant and the evidence is withdrawn

*exception-contraband is located in plain sight/ a search incident to arrest

·        Improperly obtained evidence cannot be used

·        Make sure you do it right from the beginning because anything found after that that leads you to other things will also be excluded

·        Not obliged to testify against yourself

·        Refusing to testify is not an admission of guilt in the federal courts

·        No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property

-judges exclude almost all congessions even if no physical coercion is present unless police have recited their Miranda rights
      1)right to remain silent
      2)statements may be used as evidence in trial
      3)right to have a lawyer present
      4)offered the services of a lawyer free of charge if "financially unable to  retain one"

·        The state pays a group of lawyers to help people who don’t have money

Plurality- most votes out of a group
Preferential Vote-first choice, second choice

·        Say that the earth is flat

·        Global warming doesn’t exist

·        Barack Obama isn’t a citizen

·        We never landed on the moon and NASA should be shut down

·        Exclusionary rule for searches applies to states

·        Easier to register

·        Have more than one day to vote

·        Absentee ballots

Get less people to vote for the other guy

·        People see what they expect to see

·        Don’t see things they don’t expect to see

·        Weird district lines that are drawn to give advantage to one political party

-This institution was established by the Constitution for electing the president and vice president. Electors chosen by the voters actually elect the president and vice president. Each state has a number of electors equal to the total number of its senators and representatives

civil rights-rights under the law to take part in society on an equal footing with others
criminal rights-innocent until proven guilty, Miranda warnings, search and siezure rights, right to council